Mod 13- Vaccines

Question 1

T/F Spider and snake bites that inject venom are treated with antitoxins.

Answer 1

FALSE- antivenoms

Question 2

T/F: Vaccines are used to promote active immunity and are pathogen specific.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

The process of artificially stimulating active immunity by exposing the body to weakened or less toxic proteins is called ____________________.

Answer 3

immunization

Question 4

T/F: The plague that is easily spread from person to person can be prevented with a vaccine.

Answer 4

FALSE

Question 5

T/F: RHO immune globulin (RhoGAM) is an example of immune sera that is used to prevent pregnant women from developing sensitization to the Rh factor.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

A severe immune reaction that occurs most frequently with immune sera than with vaccines is called __________.

Answer 6

serum sickness

Question 7

T/F: Active immunity occurs when the body recognizes a foreign body and produces antibodies that react to the specific protein or antigen.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

__________ immunity is limited and occurs when preformed antibodies are injected into the system and react with a specific antigen

Answer 8

passive

Question 9

The goal of allergy shots is to increase the levels of _________ antibodies and decrease the levels of __________ antibodies.

Answer 9

IgG

IgE

Question 10

The term ____________ refers to sera that contain antibodies to specific bacteria or viruses.

Answer 10

immune sera

Question 11

To prevent meningococcal infections, the nurse would administer:

Answer 11

a vaccine

Question 12

A nurse is administering a mumps vaccine to an adolescent. Which medication should be available when administering an immunization?

Answer 12

Epinephrine
Explanation:
The administration of vaccines for immunization possesses the risk of an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis. The nurse should have aqueous epinephrine available in the event of an anaphylactic reaction.

Question 13

Which is an example of naturally acquired active immunity? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 13

An individual who is exposed to chickenpox for the first time and has no immunity to the disease.
An individual who is exposed to pertussis for the first time and has no immunity to the disease.

Question 14

The nurse is preparing to administer an injection of influenza vaccine to a client. What possible short-term adverse effects should the nurse mention in client teaching? Select all that apply.

Answer 14

malaise
muscle aches
low-grade fever
erythema at the injection site

Question 15

A group of students are role-playing scenarios involving biological weapon exposure. Which medication would the students identify as using for a client with cutaneous anthrax?

Answer 15

Ciprofloxacin
Explanation:
For cutaneous anthrax, ciprofloxacin or doxycycline would be used.

Question 16

The nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a newborn. What action would the nurse take prior to administering the vaccine?

Answer 16

Check the infant’s temperature.
Explanation:
The nurse should check the infant’s temperature before administering any vaccine

Question 17

A group of nursing students are presenting information on the hepatitis B vaccine. What would the students prepare to tell others about the recommended population?

Answer 17

Infants and people at high risk for contracting the disease

Question 18

The nurse is educating an older adult client on routine vaccines. Which statement best describes the recommended vaccination schedule for an older adult client?

Answer 18

a tetanus–diphtheria booster every 10 years,
annual influenza vaccine, and
a one-time administration of pneumococcal vaccine at 65 years of age

Question 19

Which is an example of artificially acquired active immunity? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 19

Administration of the varicella vaccine to an individual who has no immunity to the disease.
Administration of the influenza vaccine to an individual who has no immunity to the disease.
Administration of the rubella vaccine to an individual who has no immunity to the disease.

Question 20

The perinatal nurse recognizes that what vaccine can be safely given to a neonate?

Answer 20

Hepatitis B

Question 21

The nurse educator is teaching a class of community leaders about immunologic agents. To minimize the concern regarding adverse effects of vaccinations, the nurse should include which mild reactions in the teaching plan?

Answer 21

Chills and fever

Question 22

The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant prior to scheduled immunizations. What finding would the nurse immediately recognize as a reason to reschedule administration?

Answer 22

low-grade fever
Explanation:
Contraindications to most vaccines and toxoids include acute febrile illness.

Question 23

A 70-year-old client is seen in the family practice clinic. Which vaccine should be administered to prevent herpes zoster?

Answer 23

Zoster vaccine
Explanation:
Zoster vaccine is administered to adults 60 years and older to prevent herpes zoster (shingles).

Question 24

A 65-year-old male client lives in a long-term care facility. The infection control nurse identifies a cluster of clients on the unit diagnosed with shingles. What would the nurse expect the client’s prescriber to order?

Answer 24

Shingles vaccine

Question 25

An infant is being administered an immunization. Which statement provides an accurate description of an immunization?

Answer 25

It is the administration of an antigen for an antibody response.

Question 26

A client has received a rubella immunization. The client was unaware that she was pregnant. What risk is associated with the administration of the rubella immunization in this client?

Answer 26

Risk of birth defects
Explanation:
Rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with a high incidence of birth defects in the newborn

Question 27

Administration of the tetanus toxoid in adults involves two initial injections given four weeks apart, a booster injection given six months to a year later, and periodic injections thereafter. What is the recommended interval for the periodic injections for a 66 year old client ?

Answer 27

Every 10 years

Question 28

A primiparous woman tells the nurse that she and her partner are highly reluctant to have their infant vaccinated, stating, “We’ve read that vaccines can potentially cause a lot of harm, so we’re not sure we want to take that risk.” How should the nurse respond to this family’s concerns?

Answer 28

“Vaccinations are not without some risks, but these are far exceeded by the potential

Question 29

A client has come to the clinic requesting a hepatitis A and B vaccination before leaving on a tropical vacation. After assessing the client, the nurse should prioritize what finding to communicate to the provider?

Answer 29

The client takes corticosteroids to treat rheumatoid arthritis
Explanation:
Corticosteroids decrease the normal immune response and could interfere with the intended stimulation of B cells.

Question 30

A forest ranger arrives at a community clinic for prophylactic vaccination. Which vaccine would be most important to be administered to the ranger?

Answer 30

Rabies vaccine
Explanation:
The ranger has to be administered the rabies vaccine as prophylaxis as he is at high risk for contracting the virus.

Question 31

The school nurse is participating in a program to immunize students against human papillomavirus (HPV). What benefit should the nurse describe to students and their families?

Answer 31

Reduced risk for cervical cancer

Question 32

A young mother asks the clinic nurse about the “chickenpox” vaccine. The mother states that she and her husband have both had chickenpox, but that she wants to protect her child if she can. What should the nurse tell the mother about the recommendation for the chickenpox vaccine?

Answer 32

It is recommended for all children who have not been exposed to the varicella virus.

Question 33

When providing client teaching to parents regarding measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine administration, which is most important regarding the schedule for administration?

Answer 33

It is administered at 12 to 15 months.

Question 34

A nurse is participating in an influenza vaccination clinic on a college campus. What action will best prepare the nurse for this role?

Answer 34

Review the procedure for intramuscular injection

Question 35

An adult client received the annual influenza vaccine yesterday afternoon and has now presented back to the clinic reporting malaise. The client’s oral temperature is 37.4°C (99.3°F). What is the nurse’s best action?

Answer 35

Explain that vaccines often cause a mild immune response and have the client self-monitor

Question 36

A health care worker has received an annual influenza vaccination and has remained at the clinic after administration so that the nurse may observe for adverse reactions. The worker reports pain at the site of IM injection. What should the nurse recommend?

Answer 36

Acetaminophen

Question 37

A nurse is receiving post-exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis B. What would the nurse most likely receive?

Answer 37

Immune globulin

Question 38

An adult client being treated for breast cancer inquired about required vaccinations. What information should the nurse provide to this client?

Answer 38

Avoid all live vaccines.

Question 39

A client develops fever and arthralgia 4 days after the administration of tetanus toxoid. What reaction to the vaccine is this?

Answer 39

Serum sickness
Explanation:
Serum sickness presents several days after the administration of a vaccine with symptoms of urticaria, fever, arthralgia, and enlarged lymph nodes.

Question 40

A nurse is teaching a group of clients about immunizations . What benefit of immunization should the nurse describe?

Answer 40

They provide the person with active immunity.

Question 41

A client has presented to the emergency department with a puncture wound suffered a few hours ago while demolishing an old house. The nurse’s assessment reveals that the client is not in acute distress. The client’s immunization status is unknown. What intervention should the nurse prioritize?

Answer 41

Administering tetanus immune globulin as prescribed

Question 42

A client who was bitten by a pit viper is to receive antivenin. What is the nurse’s best action?

Answer 42

Establish IV access
Explanation:
Antivenin given to neutralize the venom of a pit viper is administered intravenously.

Question 43

The nurse is working with an 18-year-old client who recently immigrated and who did not receive childhood immunizations. The client is “catching up” on immunizations and is scheduled to receive a measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine today. What should the nurse teach the client about potential adverse effects?

Answer 43

“You might feel a bit unwell or get a slight fever after receiving your immunization.”

Question 44

The nurse is working with the parents of an infant and has initiated a dialogue about immunizations. The infant’s parent states, “We’re not comfortable with immunizations because of the safety issue.” What is the nurse’s best response?

Answer 44

“What are some of the safety risks that most concern you?”
Explanation:
The nurse should attempt the therapeutically engage with the clients’ concerns in an attempt to have a productive dialogue.

Question 45

For what group of adults is pre-exposure immunization against hepatitis B recommended?

Answer 45

People who receive hemodialysis
Explanation:
Pre-exposure immunization against hepatitis B is recommended for high-risk groups. These may include health care workers; clients with cancer, organ transplants, hemodialysis, immunosuppression drug therapy, or multiple infusions of blood products;sexually active gay and bisexual males; IV drug users; household contacts of HBV carriers; and residents and staff of institutions for people with intellectual disability.

Question 46

A mother brings her 18-month-old into the clinic for a well-baby check-up. A nurse will administer measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) to the 18-month-old. What dosage will the nurse administer?

Answer 46

0.5 mL
Explanation:
The nurse will administer 0.5 mL. This is the recommended dose for adults and children older than 15 months of age.

Question 47

A client receives an immunization. The nurse interprets this as providing the client with which type of immunity?

Answer 47

artificially acquired active immunity