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SBA passmed Flashcards > mock corrections > Flashcards

mock corrections Flashcards

1
Q

failed medical management of acute pulmonary oedema?

A

CPAP airway

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2
Q

vitreous detachment , RF’s and presentation

A

RF’s include diabetes, bleeding disorders
presentation can be with numerous dark spots or floaters in vision if the bleed is smaller

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3
Q

mnemonic for Wernicke’s

A

Confusion
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Ophthamoplegia
PEripheral
Neuropathy

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4
Q

trans-tentorial herniation

A

fixed and dilated pupil with down and out gaze
decreasing consciousness level and intercranial mass

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5
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation affects the medulla oblongata and is often a terminal event in an unconscious patient resulting in asystolic cardio-respiratory arrest

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6
Q

when is elective endovascular aneurysm repair recommended for AAA

A

asymptomatic > 5.5
enlarging by > 1cm/ year

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7
Q

loop ileostomy

A

used in the defunctioning of the colon e.g. following rectal cancer surgery in RIF

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8
Q

loop colostomy

A

to defunction distal segment of colon

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9
Q

most easily reversible stoma

A

loop ileostomy

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10
Q

complications of cholecystectomy

A

gallstones
common bile duct injury which presents within the first few days after surgery due to inflammation and scarring

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11
Q

neurogenic shock

A

following spinal cord transection interrupting the autonomic nervous system resulting in either decreased/ increased parasympathetic tone

presents with low hr, flushed peripheries

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12
Q

_____________ is a contraindication to circumcision in infancy as the foreskin is used in the repair

A

hypospadias

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13
Q

. A confirmed miscarriage can be diagnosed on ultrasound if there is no cardiac activity and:

A

The crown-rump length is greater than 7mm OR
The gestational sack is greater than 25mm

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14
Q

prophylaxis of sinusitis

A

intranasal decongestants

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15
Q

________can be used to assess the presence of fluid in the abdomen and thorax

A

FAST scan

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16
Q

Thyrotoxic storm is treated with

A

beta blockers, propylthiouracil and hydrocortisone

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17
Q

Suspected PE in pregnant women with a confirmed DVT:

A

treat with LMWH first then investigate to rule in/out

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18
Q

The following drugs may cause urinary retention:

A

tricyclic antidepressants e.g. amitriptyline
anticholinergics e.g. antipsychotics, antihistamines
opioids
NSAIDs
disopyramide

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19
Q

8 reversible causes of cardiac arrest

A

Hypothermia
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypokalaemia / hyperkalaemia / hypoglycaemia
Tension pneumothorax
Toxins
Tamponade
Thrombosis

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20
Q

investigations for erectile dysfunction

A

free testosterone in the morning between 9-11 am

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21
Q

Patient >= 60 years old with new iron-deficiency anaemia →

A

FIT testing before colonoscopy

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22
Q

clinical signs is most strongly suggestive of a diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome

A

pain on passive ankle dorsiflexion

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23
Q

s the intervention of choice in patients with malignant distal obstructive jaundice due to unresectable pancreatic carcinoma

A

biliary stenting

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24
Q

anterior uveitis management

A

steroid eye drops with mydriatic eye drops

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25
Q

complication of rapid hyponatraemia correction

A

central pontine myelinosis

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26
Q

complication of rapid hypernatraemia correction

A

cerebral oedema

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27
Q

investigation required before starting anti TNF’s

A

CXR

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28
Q

side effects of PPI’s

A

hyponatraemia, hypomagnasaemia
osteoporosis → increased risk of fractures
microscopic colitis
increased risk of C. difficile infections

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29
Q

how should human bites and animal bites betreated

A

co-amoxiclav

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30
Q

Whilst a patient is receiving PCA opioids what other medications should be stopped

A

all other opioids

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31
Q

what supplements should be prescribed to the mums of babies with CMPI

A

calcium and vitamin D

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32
Q

management of massive PE

A

IV heparin

33
Q

life expectancy currently

A

82 years

34
Q

suspected septic arthritis - negative gram stain

A

start iv abx

35
Q

what is recommended in the work up for inflammatory bowel disease

A

stool culture

36
Q

when should activated charcoal be considered in an overdose

A

1st one hour

37
Q

best investigation to assess acute abdomen post surgery

A

CT abdomen

38
Q

how to confirm norovirus

A

viral PCR

39
Q

What is the aim of the cervical cancer screening programme?

A

screen for HPV-
abnormal cells indicative of pre-invasive dyskaryosis

40
Q

Name three blood tests that would be requested as part of confusion screen

A

FBC
- CRP/ESR
- Folate
- B12
- U&Es
- HbA1c
- Calcium
- LFTs
- TFTs

41
Q

why is a repeat CXR recommended in mx of pneumonia in older persons

A

check for malignancy

42
Q

genetic mutation of the Philadelphia
chromosome?

A

Translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22

43
Q

Apart from the Philadelphia chromosome, what other chromosomal
abnormality predisposes children to this form of leukaemia?

A

Trisomy 21

44
Q

Name 2 options that can be offered for definitive management of hyperthyroidism

A

Radioiodine therapy
Thyroidectomy

45
Q

Which zone of the prostate is primarily affected in prostate cancer?

A

Peripheral zone

46
Q

What imaging is used as the first-line investigation for suspected prostate
cancer?

A

Multiparametric MRI

47
Q

Prostate cancer is diagnosed through biopsies of prostatic tissue, which are
used to calculate a ‘Gleason score’. How is the Gleason score calculated?

A

The two most common tumour patterns across all samples are graded based on their
differentiation
The sum of the two grades is the Gleason score

48
Q

role of tolvaptan in PKD

A

reduces the growth rate of cysts

49
Q

cause of low Hb in CKD

A

Anaemia of chronic disease due to reduced EPO production

50
Q

Name the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the UK

A

T2DM

51
Q

Parkland formula for burns

A

4ml x body weight (kg) x total body surface area affected (%)

52
Q

What effect does carbon monoxide have on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation
curve and how does this cause symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

carbon dioxide = greater affinity for Hb than O2 so it binds to O2

curve shifts from right to left, which makes Hb hold on to oxygen more causing hypoxia

53
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

bowel enters the inguinal canal directly through weakness in posterior wall

54
Q

indirect hernia

A

bowel enters inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring

55
Q

which hernia is most commonly seen in infants and why

A

indirect inguinal hernia due to a patent processus vaginalis

56
Q

which nerve is damaged intra-operatively in hernia surgery

A

ilioinguinal

57
Q

What is the difference between the terms ‘oligoarthritis’ and ‘polyarthritis’?

A

Oligoarthritis affects 4 or fewer / affects 2-4 joints
In polyarthritis, more than 4 joints are involved

58
Q

which serological markers are used in hep B screening

A

HBsAg and anti HBc

59
Q

which marker gives a count of viral load

A

hepatitis B virus DNA

60
Q

what is injected in hep B vaccine

A

HBsAg - hep B surface antigen

61
Q

which hep B serological marker indicates immunity post vaccination

A

Anti HBs - hepatitis B surface antibody

62
Q

what forms of hepatitis can be vaccinated against -

A

Hep A

63
Q

dog bite prophylaxis

A

co-amoxiclav

64
Q

trachea pulled towards the white out

A

pneumonectomy
complete lung collapse
pulmonary hypoplasia

65
Q

class of drugs useful in overactive bladder

A

antimuscarinics

66
Q

no jaundice - bile stones which duct

A

cystic duct

67
Q

PPROM which steroid

A

dexamethasone

68
Q

symptoms of mania in primary care

A

refer urgently to primary care

69
Q

indications for thoracotomy in haemothorax

A

> 1.5 L blood loss
losses of > 200 ml / hour for 2 hours

70
Q

agonal breathing

A

can occur in the first few minutes after a cardiac arrest

71
Q

woman with bone metastases- origin

A

breast

72
Q

Most common tumour causing bone metastases

A

prostate
breast
lung

73
Q

side effects of heparins

A

heparin induced thrombocytopenia

74
Q

which medications can precipitate digoxin toxicity

A

thiazide diuretics

75
Q

Patients with long saphenous vein superficial thrombophlebitis should have

A

ultrasound to exclude DVT

76
Q

_________is usually indicated in patients with acute, severe, symptomatic hyponatraemia (< 120 mmol/L)

A

Hypertonic

77
Q

codeine to morphine

A

divide by 10

78
Q

hpw is hydrocortisone given in Addisons

A

split with majority in 1st half of the day

79
Q
A

SBA passmed Flashcards (30 decks)

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