heart murmurs

Question 1

what is the most common valvular disorder

Answer 1

Aortic stenosis

Question 2

what type of murmur does aortic stenosis present with ?

Answer 2

harsh systolic crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur on cardiac examination

Question 3

give 3 classical symptoms of aortic stenosis

Answer 3

exertional dyspnoea
exertional angina
exertional syncope

Question 4

what type of pulse may be present in severe aortic stenosis

Answer 4

slow rising and low volume pulse

Question 5

_____________ presents with soft or absent second heart sound

Answer 5

aortic stenosis

Question 6

give 3 differentials for a pan-systolic murmur

Answer 6

Mitral regurgitation ( heard at mitral area)
Tricuspid regurgitation ( tricuspid area)
VSD ( left lower sternal border)

Question 7

give 3 differentials for an ejection systolic murmur

Answer 7

aortic stenosis ( aortic area)
Pulmonary stenosis ( pulmonary area)
HOC

Question 8

give the main cause of mitral stenosis

Answer 8

Rheumatic fever, Infective endocarditis

Question 9

what type of murmur is heard in mitral stenosis

Answer 9

mid-late diastolic murmur - best heard at expiration

Question 10

what type of murmur is present in aortic regurgitation

Answer 10

early diastolic murmur

Question 11

give 2 features of the pulse present in aortic regurgitation

Answer 11

collapsing pulse
wide pulse pressure

Question 12

give 2 signs of aortic regurgitation

Answer 12

Quincke’s sign - nail-bed pulsation
De Musset sign - head bobbing

Question 13

what type of murmur can be present in severe aortic regurgitation

Answer 13

Mid diastolic Austin- Flint murmur

Question 14

what type of murmur is present in mitral regurgitation

Answer 14

blowing pansystolic murmur, heard best at the apex and radiating into the axilla