MOA - Neuro/Psych Flashcards
What are the effects of Benztropine?
possesses anticholinergic and antihistamine effects. May inhibit reuptake and storage of dopamine.
How does Carbamazepine act?
acts presynaptically to block firing of action potentials, which decreases the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, and postsynaptically by blocking high-frequency repetitive discharge initiated at cell bodies.
What is the mechanism of Carbidopa/Levodopa?
When administered orally, it is rapidly decarboxylated to dopamine in extracerebral tissues, resulting in only a small portion reaching the CNS. C**** inhibits decarboxylation of circulating levodopa, preventing nausea and allowing more levodopa to reach the CNS.
What is the action of Dexmethylphenidate?
a stimulant that increases CNS activity by inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, increasing neuronal firing rate and stimulating the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures.
What is Divalproex composed of?
composed of sodium valproate and valproic acid. Valproic acid’s anticonvulsant activity might be mediated by GABA.
How does Donepezil enhance acetylcholine action?
enhances the action of acetylcholine by reversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for its hydrolysis.
What receptors does Eletriptan bind to?
binds with high affinity to serotonin (5-HT) subtypes 1B, 1D, and 1F receptors.
What is the mechanism of action of Eszopiclone?
a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic; its exact MOA is unknown, but it is believed to bind to or interact allosterically at the GABA-receptor complex domain.
What is the structure of Gabapentin?
a cyclohexane compound that is structurally related to GABA; its mechanism of action is not known.
What does Guanfacine stimulate?
stimulates postsynaptic α2-adrenergic receptors in the CNS by activating inhibitory neurons to decrease sympathetic outflow.
What is the action of Lacosamide?
stabilizes hyperexcitable neuronal membranes and inhibits neuronal firing.
How does Lamotrigine work?
inhibits voltage-dependent sodium channels, stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing the release of excitatory neurotransmitters.
What is the mechanism of Levetiracetam?
unclear and does not relate to any known mechanisms of neuronal excitation or inhibition.
What is Lisdexamfetamine?
a prodrug converted to dextroamphetamine, which causes the release of dopamine and norepinephrine.
What is the action of Memantine?
believed to act as an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist that binds preferentially to NMDA receptor-operated cation channels.
What is the mechanism of Metaxalone?
The MOA in humans has not been established but may be due to general CNS depression.
How does Methylphenidate function?
increases CNS activity by inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine.
What is Modafinil?
a wakefulness-promoting agent acting as a CNS stimulant, chemically unrelated to other CNS stimulants.
What is the action of Oxcarbazepine?
exerts its anticonvulsant effect through an active 10-monohydroxy metabolite (MHD).
What does Phenobarbital do?
produces different degrees of depression within the CNS, from sedation to general anesthesia.
What is Phentermine’s effect?
a sympathomimetic amine with pharmacologic activity similar to amphetamines, causing CNS stimulation and appetite suppression.
How does Phenytoin suppress seizure activity?
suppresses seizure activity mainly by inhibiting synaptic posttetanic potentiation and blocking the propagation of electric discharge.
What is Pramipexole?
is a nonergot-derived dopamine subtype selective agonist that exerts activity in the CNS at D2 and D3 receptors.
What is the action of Pregabalin?
binds to the α2-delta site in CNS tissues, reducing calcium-dependent release of several neurotransmitters.
What receptors does Rizatriptan bind to?
binds with high affinity to serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes 1B and 1D.
What is Ropinirole’s specificity?
a higher specificity to D3 than to D2 and D4 subtypes of dopamine receptors.
What is the mechanism of Topiramate?
blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and augments GABA activity while antagonizing the AMPA/kainate subtype of the glutamate receptor.
What is Trazodone’s mechanism of action?
potentiates serotonergic activity in the CNS by inhibiting reuptake of serotonin.
What is Varenicline used for?
is used for smoking cessation and binds with high affinity at α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
What is Zolpidem’s action?
binds the benzodiazepine receptor, increasing chloride conductance and decreasing neuronal excitability.
What is the mechanism of Amitriptyline?
blocks presynaptic reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
What is Aripiprazole?
an atypical antipsychotic that exhibits partial agonist activity at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors.
What is Atomoxetine’s action?
a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that produces therapeutic effects in patients with ADHD.
What is Buspirone?
a selective serotonin-5-HT1A receptor partial agonist with some effect on dopamine-D2 auto-receptors.
What is Bupropion’s unique feature?
a monocyclic antidepressant, unique as a mild dopamine and norepinephrine uptake inhibitor.
What is Citalopram?
a selective and potent inhibitor of presynaptic reuptake of serotonin (an SSRI).
How does Clonazepam work?
enhances the postsynaptic effect of GABA.
What is Desvenlafaxine’s effect?
a potent reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine.
What is Doxepin’s mechanism?
prevents norepinephrine deactivation through reuptake and antagonizes histamine receptors.
What is Duloxetine?
a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that potentiates serotonergic and noradrenergic activity.
What is Escitalopram?
an antidepressant that is a selective and potent inhibitor of presynaptic reuptake of serotonin (an SSRI).
What is Lithium’s effect?
alters the actions of several second-messenger systems and influences reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
What is Lurasidone?
an atypical antipsychotic that exhibits high affinity for dopamine D2 and serotonin receptors.
What is Mirtazapine’s action?
antagonizes presynaptic α2-adrenergic receptors, increasing noradrenergic and serotonergic activity.
What is Nortriptyline?
a heterocyclic antidepressant that blocks presynaptic reuptake of norepinephrine.
What is Olanzapine’s mechanism?
a potent serotonin-5-HT2 and dopamine-D2 antagonist.
What is Paroxetine’s effect?
a highly selective and potent inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRI).
What is Quetiapine’s action?
antagonizes multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain.
What is Risperidone’s mechanism?
a potent serotonin-5-HT2 antagonist with weaker dopamine-D2 antagonism.
Quetiapine
An antagonist at multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, including serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2, dopamine D1 and D2, histamine H1, and adrenergic α1 and α2 receptors. Its efficacy in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is due to the antagonism of D2 and 5-HT2 receptors.
Risperidone
A potent serotonin-5-HT2 antagonist with weaker dopamine-D2 antagonism, increasing efficacy for negative symptoms of schizophrenia and reducing the likelihood of extrapyramidal symptoms.
Sertraline
An SSRI that indirectly results in a downregulation of β-adrenergic receptors, with no clinically important effect on noradrenergic or histamine receptors and no effect on MAO.
Venlafaxine
A potent reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine, lacking effects on muscarinic, α-adrenergic, or histamine receptors.
Vilazodone
Inhibits CNS neuron serotonin uptake with minimal or no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake, binding selectively with high affinity to 5-HT1A receptors and acting as a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist.
Ziprasidone
An atypical antipsychotic with a high ratio of 5-HT2A to dopamine-2 blockade, suggesting a low risk of extrapyramidal effects. It is also a 5-HT1A agonist and inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
Alprazolam
Enhances the postsynaptic effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Diazepam
Enhances the postsynaptic effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Lorazepam
Enhances the postsynaptic effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA.
Temazepam
A minor metabolite of diazepam that enhances the postsynaptic effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Triazolam
Enhances the postsynaptic effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA.
Clobazam
A benzodiazepine thought to involve potentiation of neurotransmission resulting from binding at the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor.
