MOA - Cough/Cold/Allergy/Opth

Question 1

Azelastine

Answer 1

selective H1-receptor antagonist that blocks release of histamine from cells involved in the allergic response. It also inhibits other mediators of allergic reactions (eg, leukotrienes, etc), and reduces chemotaxis and eosinophil activation

Question 2

Fexofenadine

Answer 2

the major active metabolite of terfenadine, is an antihistamine with selective peripheral H1-receptor antagonist activity

Question 3

Fluticasone Nasal

Answer 3

anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. Corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2-inhibitory proteins, lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2.

Question 4

Hydroxyzine

Answer 4

rapid-acting agent with probable action of suppressing activity in key locations of the subcortical area of the CNS. Primary skeletal muscle relaxation, bronchodilator activity, antiemetic effects, and antihistaminic and analgesic effects have been demonstrated experimentally and confirmed clinically

Question 5

Levocetirizine

Answer 5

enantiomer of cetirizine, is a low-sedating, long-acting H1-receptor antagonist that is a metabolite of hydroxyzine. It competitively inhibits the interaction of histamine with H1 receptors, thereby preventing the allergic response.

Question 6

Mometasone Nasal

Answer 6

anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties; act by the induction of phospholipase A2-inhibitory proteins, lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2.

Question 7

Olopatadine

Answer 7

relatively selective histamine H1-antagonist that exerts its effect by inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells. It also blocks the type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including prevention of histamine-mediated effects on human conjunctival epithelial cells. It has no activity on dopamine, alpha-adrenergic, and muscarinic types 1 and 2 receptors.

Question 8

Triamcinolone Nasal

Answer 8

anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. Corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase A2-inhibitory proteins, lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2.

Question 9

Cetirizine

Answer 9

low-sedating, long-acting H1-receptor antagonist that is a metabolite of hydroxyzine. It competitively inhibits the interaction of histamine with H1-receptors, thereby preventing the allergic response.

Question 10

Meclizine

Answer 10

an antihistamine that suppresses the vasodepressor response to histamine while only slightly inhibiting acetylcholine

Question 11

Benzonatate

Answer 11

acts peripherally by anesthetizing the stretch receptors located in the respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura by dampening their activity and thereby reducing the cough reflex at its source.

Question 12

Pseudoephedrine

Answer 12

stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors of respiratory mucosa causing vasoconstriction and stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors causing bronchial relaxation.

Question 13

Oxymetazoline

Answer 13

stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa producing vasoconstriction, which relieves nasal congestion.

Question 14

Bimatoprost

Answer 14

synthetic prostaglandin analogue; lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through both the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral drainage systems

Question 15

Brimonidine

Answer 15

relatively selective α-adrenergic agonist, reduces aqueous humor production and increases uveoscleral outflow. It is used to lower IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Question 16

Cyclosporine Ophthalmic

Answer 16

binds to cyclophilin, which inhibits the antigenic response of helper T lymphocytes, which reduces the production of interleukin 2 and suppresses interferon-gamma. Inhibition of the immune response limits inflammation.

Question 17

Latanoprost

Answer 17

prostaglandin F2-alpha analog. It is believed to reduce IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. Studies suggest that the main mechanism of action is increased uveoscleral outflow, but the exact mechanism is unknown.

Question 18

Loteprednol Ophthalmic

Answer 18

inhibit the inflammatory response including edema, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, and scar formation.

Question 19

Timolol

Answer 19

blocks both beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors and reduces intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production

Question 20

Travoprost

Answer 20

prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue. It is believed to reduce intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. Studies suggest that the main mechanism of action is increased uveoscleral outflow, but the exact mechanism is unknown.