Mixed Q’s 7 Flashcards
Organ least vulnerable to infarction
Liver
Stroke in young patient
Patent foramen ovale
2o failure of the atrial septum primum and secundum to fuse
Administration of IV fluids in hypovolumieic pt CVS changes
Increased Lt vent end diastolic volume
Increased preload
Increase end diastolic sarcomere length
Increased stroke volume
Increased C.O
Linkage disequilibrium
When a pair of alleles are inherited together due to close proximity
HBV replication cycle
Partial dsDNA is transcribed —> single strand mRNA template and then converted by viral reverse transcriptase into partial dsDNa of viral progeny which are released from cells
Achalasia
Motility disorder 2o reduced inhibitory ganglion cells in oesophageal wall
Decreased strength of peristalsis
Incomplete relaxation of LES
Finasteride
5 alpha reductase inhibitor
MoA:- blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT in prostate . Decrease prostate volume
Use:BPH
SE: ED, decreased libido
Tamsulosin
Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist
MoA:- relax smooth muscle in bladder neck
Use: BPH
SE:- othostatic HTN, dizziness
Dubin Johnson syndrome
Defective hepatic excretion of bilirubin glucuronides
Presentation:- hyperbilirubinaemia
Jaundice
Trigger illness, ocp
Other labs normal
Histo: Liver appears black 2o impaired excretion of epinephrine metabolites / pigment in lysosomes
CVS/ Renal SLE manifestation
Libman-Sacks endocarditis :- sterile vegetations on both sides of valve
Accelerated atherosclerosis
Pericarditis
Diffuse GN :- diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary wall with wire loop structures on light microscopy
Retroperitoneal haematoma likely due to damage to which organ
Pancrease
Drug target stops HIV viral fusion
Chemokine receptor CCR5 antagonist —>maraviroc
Phenoxybenzamine
Alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist
Non competitive inhibitor of norepinephrine
When given with epinephrine —> decreases maximal effect Vmax non change in affinity Km
Pathogenesis of type I and II DM MODY
I DM —> cell mediated immunity —> infiltration of islet by inflammatory cells
MODY :- impaired glucose sensing and insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
II DM :- islet amyloid deposition
Increased osteoclast activity
2o decreased osteoprotegerin
Increased RANK/RANKL
Increasing bone resporption
Fluphenazine / first gen antipsychotics
MoA :- low potency 9 chlopromazine) —> histamine anticholinergic
high potency ( haloperidol, fluphenazine) —-> D2 receptor antagonist
Use: schizophrenia, psychosis
SE ;- low potency :— sedation, orthostatic hypotension, constipation
High potency:- extrapyramidal symptoms
Statin MoA
Causes hepatocytes to increase their LDL receptor density
Apoprotein B-100
Apoprotein in VLDL and LDL
If VLDL/LDL decrease —> decrease in AP0B-100
Familial Dilated cardiomyopathy
AD mutation in the TTN gene coding for Titin protein
Presentation: -decompensated HF
Sudden death 2o ventricular arrhythmia
Path of venous catheter to LA
Iliac vein —> IVC—> RA —> intraatrial septum at the site of the foramen ovale —> LA
Pulsus paradoxus
Drop in SBP during inspiration / drop in pulse amplitude during inspiration
Abdominal aortic aneurysm Pathogenesis
Chronic inflammation and extracellular matrix degreadation of wall of aorta
WPW ecg triad
Short PR
Slurred upstroke of QRS - delta wave
QRS widening
Dobutamine
B adrenergic agonist
Weak alpha agonist
Stimulation of B1 reception —> increased production of cAMP and increased cytosolic Ca conc
Increased myocardial contractility