Mixed Q’s 3 Flashcards
Pertussis presentation?
Adult who hasn’t has a booster
Hx of coryzal symptoms
Paroxysmal cough lasts for >2/52
Post-tussive emesis
Bordetella pertussis bacteria type and virulence factor?
G-ve coco bacillus
Virulence factor adhesion and
Pertussis toxins
Adenylcyclate toxin
Tracheal cytotoxin
Cryptococcoal Neoformans presentation?
Meningeoenchephalitis in immunocompromised
Intracellular changes see with epinephrine?
Acts on alpha 1 receptors
Increases inositol triphosphate (IP3) in vascular smooth muscle
Stimulates PNS/ inhibits SNS —> vasoconstriction
Increases BP
Decreases cAMP —-> decrease HR, contractility
Decrease Ca current in SA cells
Pulmonary Actinomycosis findings?
Found in dental caries, gum margins in people with poor dentition.
Develops pulmonary aspiration
Actinomycosis bacteria features?
G+ve filamentous branching bacteria with sulfur granules
How will isotonic saline affect ICF,ECF, plasma volume?
No change ICF
Increase ECF
Increase plasma volume
Serum osmolarity and fluid shift relationship?
Fluid shift (in or out of cell) only occurs if there is a change in osmolarity.
No change in osmolarity means any fluid added or lost will only involve ECF
No change in RBF or GFR when BP increases is because ?
Auto regulation
Myogenic stretch —> afferent arteriole vasoconstriction
Increase NaCl —> sensed by macula densa —->vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole
How does urinary obstruction affect the
GFR?
Will increase hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space —> decreased GFR increase BUN
Effect of ARBs on the GFR and kidneys?
ARBs selectively dilate the efferent arteriole—-> decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure —>
Decrease in GFR
Increase in creatinine
Effect of haemorrhage on RBF, GFR?
If haemorrhage causes BP to drop <100
Decrease RBF
Decrease GFR
Isotonic saline infusion on ICF, ECF, Na levels?
ECF increase
ICF no change
Na no change
Renal regulated substance are?
Na and K
Their plasma conc doesn’t change with fall in GFR
What to expect Reduced GFR bld levels?
N serum K
N serum Na
Increased BUN
Lisinopril affect on GFR, RBF?
RBF increases 2o vasodilation of efferent arteriole
GFR decreases 2o reduced hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries
Ibuprofen affect on GFR , RBF?
Decreased RBF —> inhibits PG —> afferent arteriole vasoconstriction
Decreased GFR —> decreasing hydrostatic pressure in capillaries
Horseshoe kidney is a congenital anomaly due to?
Fusion of the metanephros (specifically metanephric blastema) in utero
What is the best method to detect gene transcription?
Northern blot ( detect mRNA in a sample and can be used to assess the degree of gene transcription)
What is a case control study?
Observational study
Select pts with outcome (cases) then pts who do not have outcome (controls) and retrospectively compare history of exposure to risk
What type hypersensitivity is a drug reaction?
Type IV hypersensitivity( cell mediated)
(Anticonvulsants, —> carbamezapine/ phenytoin)
antibiotics, trimethoprim)
antiretrovirals)
Occurs 5-21 days after starting drug
Symmetrical Erythematous maculaes/papules (resembles measles)
No pain or mucosal involvement
Low grade fever
Ulnar nerve injury features?
Paraesthesia/ loss of sensation 5th digit and medial 1/2 of 4th digit and hypothenar eminence.
Impaired wrist flexion and adduction
Finger weakness/ clumsiness
Hookworm infection features?
Hx of walking barefoot in sand/ soil
Pruritic maculopapular papule
Followed by reddish brown serpiginous tracks
What is a diagnostic feature of strongyloides steroralis active infection?
Rhabditiform larvae detected on stool microscopy