Mixed Q’s 4 Flashcards
Features of urolithiasis due to hyperparathyroidism?
Abdo pain
Vomiting
Haematuria
Hypercalcaemia
Hypophosphataemia
Risk factors for urothelial cancer of the bladder?
Age >60
Cigarette smoking
Occupational exposure to :- rubber plastic
Cyclophosphamide therapy
Painless Haematuria
Vesicoureteral reflux features?
Retrograde urine flow from the bladder to the ureter
Hx of repeated infection
Increased risk of chronic pyelonephritis
U/S renal scarring —> dilated calyces with overlying cortical atrophy
Adverse renal affect of penicillamine?
Membranous nephropathy
Glomerulonephritis 2o small vessel vasculitis features
Bld levels acute kidney injury
Proteinuria
HTN
Red cell cast
Exogenous immune complex deposition
1o thrombotic microangiopathy syndrome features?
Microangiopathic haemolytic Anaemia (MAHA) ( schistocytes on bld smear )
Thrombocytopenia
Organ damage
Neuro symptoms
Renal failure
Fever
N PT and PTT
Prolonged bleeding time
Histology:- plt rich thrombi in glomeruli and arterioles
Risk factors for kidney stones?
Increase urinary calcium
Increase urinary oxalate
Increase urinary uric acid
Decrease urinary citrate
Decrease fluid intake
Prerenal acute kidney injury features?
Due to renal hypoperfusioin
Characteristics findings are:-
High urea
Nitrogen/creatinine ration >20:1
Low urine Na <20mEq/L
Low fractional excretion of Na <1%
High urine osmolality + specific gravity
Unremarkable urinanalysis
Homogenous deposition of eosinophilic hyaline material in the intima and media of arteries is due to ?
Poorly controlled DM or HTN
CKD renal osteodystrophy features?
High PO4
Low 1,25 Vitmain D
Low Ca
2o hyperparathyroidism
Multiple myeloma features?
Hypercalcaemia
Normocytic Anaemia
Elevated gamma gap
Renal failure 2o light chain cast nephropathy ( large waxy eosinophilic casts composed of Bence Jones proteins in tubular lumen)
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis features?
Commonest cause of nephritic syndrome in children
Light microscopy: - enlarged hypercellular glomeruli
Lab results:- low C3 low total complement levels
Normal C4
High antistreptoccal antibodies
Earliest sign of diabetic nephropathy?
Albuminuria
Urine sediment in kidney stone shows ?
Free red blood cells (Haematuria)
Red cell casts are seen in glomerulonephritis
Renal amyloidosis features?
Proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome
Biopsy:- apple green bifiringence with Congo red stain
Serum protein electrophoresis showing a monoclonal protein —>Ig light chain AL amyloidosis
Contrast induced nephropathy features?
acute tubular necrosis —> diffuse necrosis of the proximal tubular cells
Acute inc in Creatinine and BUN
Henoch-Schonlein purpura features?
Lower limb palpable purpura
Abdominal pain +/- GI bleeding
Renal disease ( Haematuria )
Joint pain
IgA mediated
Triad:- MAHA, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury
1o hyperparathyroidism bone osteoporosis involves?
Subperiosteal absorption with cortical thinning
Affecting the appendicular skeleton (limbs and pelvis)
Mobitz type I block after NSTEMI suggests blockage of which artery?
RCA —> supplies AV node
Oestrogen therapy + pregnancy affect on thyroid levels?
Increase in THG
Increase in total T4 and T3
Pt with diarrhoea weight loss and +ve tissue transglutaminase diagnosis?
Coeliac disease
Lab findings in Coeliac disease?
Low 25 hydroxyvitmain D
Low PO4
Low Ca leading to
High PTH
High ALP
Dopamine effect on renal and cardiac blood flow?
At low doses stimulates D1 reception causing vasodilation and increase renal and cardiac bld flow.
At higher dosages stimulates B1 and alpha 1 resulting in increased C.O and vasoconstriction ultimately leading to decreased C.O
Adenomysosis features?
Regular, heavy painful period
Gross pathology:- uniformly enlarged globular uterus with abnormal presence of endometrial glands and stroma in myometrium