Mixed Q’s 5 Flashcards
Botulinum toxicity features?
Blocks presynaptic ACh
Impaired nicotinic and muscarinic neurotransmission
Symmetrical descending paralysis with cranial nerve involvement 2o eating home canned foods
Treatment of pts with cryptococcal meningitis?
Amphotericin B and flucytosine
Cryptococcal meningitis features?
Slowly worsening headache
Fever
Lethargy
LP: low glucose high protein, predominant lymphocytes
NMDA receptor excess activation ?
Is a glutamate receptor and Ca ion channel found in neurons
Excessive activation of the NMDA receptor causes neuronal death through uncontrolled Ca influx.
The receptor is blocked by Mg —> decreased influx of Ca and Na
Pathology behind raised intracranial pressure?
Idiopathic
2o cerebral venous sinus thrombosis decreased resorption of cerebrospinal fluid
What is the benefit of giving dexamethasone prior to Abx therapy in bacterial meningitis?
Decreases inflammatory response in the CSF
Virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis?
Use Pili to attach to and colonise the nasopharyngeal epithelial surface
Negative equilibrium indicates the membrane is permeable to ?
K or CL-
Positive equilibrium indicated membrane is permeable to (Na and Ca)
Cryptococcus Neoformans appearance on histopathology?
Encapsulated yeast with thick polysaccharide capsule ( clean on H&E tissue stain)
Upregulation of which channels lead to pain at site of neuroma after nerve injury?
Na channel upregulation
Febrile seizures features?
6/12 - 5 years
Temp >38
Hyperthermia induced neuronal dysfunction triggering a short generalised seizure.
Age related sleep changes features?
Decreased total sleep time
Increased nighttime waking
Sleepiness earlier in the evening
Earlier morning waking
Increased daytime napping
Frontal lobe dysfunction?
Change in personality, languages, motor function and executive function. Abstraction ability ( asking about similarities between 2 related objects) affected
Buildup of very long chain and branched chain fatty acids is due to a dysfunction in which cellular structure?
Peroxisome
Multiple ring enhancing lesion in a patient with AIDS ?
Toxoplasmosis encephalitis
Cryptococcus Neoformans primary site of infection?
Lungs / inhalation
Soil contaminated by bird droppings
Shingles occurs because of ?
Reactivation of latent pathogen in neural ganglia
Influx of ca is important in voltage gated neurotransmission because ?
It’s essential for fusion and release of neurotransmitter vesicles
Drugs that bind to GABA-A receptors affect on resting membrane potential?
Will increase CL influx causing membrane potential to become more hyper polarised i.e. negative
Guillian Barre syndrome features?
Symmetric Ascending weakness
Immune mediated polyneuropathy
Follow campylobacter jejuni diarrhoeal illness
Hydrocephalus presentation?
Macrocephaly
Poor feeding
Poor growth
Developmental delays
Untreated —> muscle spasticity
Guillemot Barre Syndrome features?
Symmetric ascending weakness immune mediated polyneuropathy
Follows campylobacter jejuni
diarrhoea illness
Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis ?
Neuro degeneration lead into cerebral atrophy
Beta amyloid plaques
Tau proteins microtuble associated protein polymerised and hyperphosphorylated
Rabies attaches to which receptor?
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors present in neuromuscular junctions