Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Mitosis & Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis & Meiosis Flashcards

0
Q

Genome

A

All genes possessed by one individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Gene

A

A segment of DNA that codes for a polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gene pool

A

All genes present in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Locus

A

The site on a chromosome where a particular gene is located

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Karyotyping

A

Homologous chromosomes arranged in pairs in descending order of size

Taking all the genes you receive from mom & dad (23 pairs), and paring them by size.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Homologous

A

2 chromosomes with identical structures and gene loci but not identical alleles; inherits one from each parent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allele

A

Any of the alternative forms that one gene can take (alternate form of gene).

Ex. Dominant/recessive allels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homozygous

A

Having identical alleles at the same gene locus of 2 homologous chromosomes

Ex. RR or rr ; O blood type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heterozygous

A

Having non-identical alleles at the same gene locus of 2 homologous chromosomes.

Ex. Rr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Genotype

A

The pair of alleles possessed by an individual at one gene locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes

Strongly influences phenotype because it is the genes they received.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phenotype

A

The detectable trait resulting from a particular genotype, such as eye color or blood type

You can physically see the trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Recessive Allele

A

An allele that is not phenotypically expressed in the presence of a dominant allele; lowercase letter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dominant Allele

A

An allele that is phenotypically expressed even in the presence of any other allele; capital letter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Codominance

A

2 alleles are both fully expressed when present in the same individual

Ex. Blood type AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

2 alleles are both KIND OF expressed when present in same individual

Offspring does not get characteristic from parents. (Mom has curly, dad has straight, child has wavy hair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Autosomes

A

All chromosomes except the sex chromosomes; 22 homologous pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carrier

A

Carries a recessive allele but does not phenotypically express it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Chromatin, and what is it’s structure?

A

Threadlike strands of DNA and histones.

Arranged into units called nucleosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 main steps of the Cell Cycle?

A

Interphase & Mitotic Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Interphase

A

G1(gap 1)- metabolic activity and vigorous growth
G0- cells that permanently stop dividing (NO mitosis occurs)
S(synthetic)- DNA replication
G2(gap 2)- prep for division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the phases of Mitosis?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Prophase

A
  • Chromosomes become coiled
  • The nucleolus disappears
  • The two pairs of centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
  • The nuclear envelope disappears at the end of prophase.
22
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (equator)

23
Q

Anaphase

A

The paired chromosomes (sister chromatids) separate and move to opposite poles.

Centromeres split

Cytoplasm in middle gets pulled to poles.

24
Q

Telophase

A

The cell separates

Nuclear membrane is formed from rough ER

Nucleoli reappear

25
Q

Most important role of Mitosis? Ect.

A

Growth and Repair

DNA must replicate

Start with 46 chromosomes

26
Q

Most important role of Meiosis? Ext.

A

Reproduce

DNA doesn’t have to replicate

Goes through the cloning phase twice

27
Q

What are the phases of meiosis?

A

Meiosis I:

  • prophase I
  • Metaphase I
  • Anaphase I
  • Telophase I

Meiosis II:

  • P II
  • M II
  • A II
  • T II
28
Q

Crossing Over

A

2 chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material.

29
Q

Sex-Linked Chromosomes

A

Found on the 23rd pair

XX- girl
XY- boy

30
Q

Example of X-Linkage?

A

Colorblindness

31
Q

Chromatin

A

Uncondensed DNA

32
Q

Chromatid

A

One half of the X-shaped chromosome

33
Q

Centromeres tell you what?

A

How many chromosomes there are

34
Q

Contact inhibition

A

Cell decides to be heart cell or tissue cell, and begins to divide. When they hit contact inhibition they stop dividing.

Ex. Cancer cells do not have contact inhibition

35
Q

Diploid

A

46 chromosomes

36
Q

Haploid

A

23 chromosomes

37
Q

After meiosis 1 you should see how many cells? chromosomes?

A

2 cells

23 chromosomes each

They are haploids

38
Q

After mitosis telophase there should be how many cells? How many chromosomes in each?

A

2 cells

46 each

41
Q

Plieiotrophy

A

A single gene produces multiple effects

Ex sickle cell disease

42
Q

Nuclear division

A

Mitosis

43
Q

Mesenchime

A

All CT is derived from

44
Q

Ground substance

A

Unstructured material that fills solace between cells

45
Q

Matrix

A

Extra cellular material between tissues

46
Q

GAG’s

Glycoaminoglycans

A

Act as sponge and attract water

Produce tissue gel

47
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Composed of mostly water

Found in matrix

48
Q

Adhesive glycoproteins

A

Binds plasma membrane protiens to collagen

49
Q

Fibronectin

A

Binds collagen fibers to ground substance

50
Q

Osteon

A

Basic unit of structure in compact bone

51
Q

Canaliculi

A

Network of small canals

52
Q

Lamellae

A

Concentric rings of matrix

53
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

Cytoplasm

91
Q

After meiosis II how many cells should there be? Chromosomes?

A

4 cells

23 each

92
Q

Polygenic inheritance

A

A single phenotype results from the combined action of genes at two or more different loci.

Ex eye color

Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions