Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Blood & Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Blood & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

0
Q

Granulocytes

A

Category of Leukocytes (WBCs) characterized by the presence if granules in their cytoplasm.

Have various nucleus shapes

-neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is Hematocrit? How can it change?

A

Percent of RBC’s to total volume of blood.

It can change if you move somewhere with less oxygen & your body recognizes this & starts making more RBCs. Opposite happens if you move to low elevation.

Female: 37-48%
Male: 45-52%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Category of Leukocytes (WBCs) with the absence of granules in cytoplasm.

One shape of nucleus

-lymphocytes & monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neutrophils

A

Destroy bacteria & release anti-microbial chemicals.

Increase in # caused by:

  • infection
  • stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Eosinophils

A

Destroys Ag - Ab complexes & parasites.

Increased # caused by:

  • allergies
  • autoimmune disease
  • toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basophils

A

Release seratonin, histamine, & heparin which help increase inflammatory response.

Increase in # cause by:

  • allergies
  • disease
  • infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T-Cells destroy cancer cells, foreign cells & infected cells.
B-Cells create antigens to make an immune memory.

Increased # caused by:

  • cancer
  • infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monocytes

A

Become macrophages & clean up antigens & waste materials.

Increase # caused by:

  • leukemia
  • infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functions of Blood

A
  • transportation
  • protection
  • regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Blood Transportation

A

Transports hormones, waste, O2/CO2, heat & nutrients to & from organs & cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood Protection

A

Blood destroys cancer cells, neutralizes toxins, & clots.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Properties of Blood

A
  • Ph levels
  • Viscosity
  • Osmolarity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood Ph

A

7.35-7.45 (normal) slightly basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood Viscosity

A

Resistance to flow

Blood is 4.5-5.5 thicker than water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood Osmolarity

A

Molar concentration of dissolves particles in one liter of water

Important for waste to be removed & nutrients brought to cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Formed Elements

A
  • Erythrocytes (RBC)
  • Thrombocytes/Platelets
  • Leukocytes (WBC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plasma

A

Clear ECF

Consists of proteins, enzymes, nutrients, waste, hormones, & gases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Serum

A

Plasma without clotting protiens

Found within plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plasma Protiens

A
  • Albumin
  • Globulins
  • Fibrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Albumin

A

Smallest & most abundant protein within plasma

Responsible for movement of water back into the capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Globulins

A

Help make antibodies to protect you from getting sick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fibrogen

A

Starts blood clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Production of RBCs

Too many: blood too thick

24
Q

What is the shape of a red blood cell? Why is it important?

A

Bi-Concaved Disc

Important because it increases surface area to drop off O2 and pick up CO2.

25
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Gives RBCs their color

Contains 4 globulin molecules, which each carry 1 O2 molecule.

1 hemoglobin molecule = 4 O2 molecules

26
Q

Blood Clotting Cascade

A
  • Extrinsic Pathway

- Intrinsic Pathway

27
Q

Extrinsic Pathway

A

Damaged tissue promotes clotting

Completes common pathway in seconds

28
Q

Intrinsic Pathway

A

Damaged endothelial cells promote clotting (no tissue damage required)

Completed common pathways in minutes

29
Q

Hemostatis

A

Control/stopping of bleeding (coagulation)

30
Q

3 Steps of Hemostasis

A
  1. Platelet Adheration
  2. Platelets Release RXN
  3. Platelet Plug Forms
31
Q

Platelet Adheration

A

Platelets stick to damaged blood vessel & then vessel constricts

32
Q

Platelets Release RXN

A

Stuck platelets extend appendages to communicate & release vesicles.

33
Q

Platelet Plug Forms

A

Released ADP causes other platelets to get stuck to the “net”

34
Q

Blood Type A

A

A antigen & Anti-B antibody

Can receive blood from:
-Type A & Type O

35
Q

Blood Type B

A

B antigen & Anti-A antibody

Can receive blood from:
-Type B & Type O

36
Q

Blood Type AB

A

Both A & B Antigens
NO Antibodies

Universal Recipient- Can receive blood from ALL blood types

37
Q

Blood Type O

A

Neither A or B Antigens
Both A & B Antibodies

Universal Donor- can give blood to anyone, but can ONLY receive Type O

38
Q

Antigen

A

Combination of PRO’s, glycoproteins, & glycolipids that tell our body if a cell is an antigen

39
Q

Antibodies

A

Gamma globules that are produced by immune cells to bind to foreign substances.

40
Q

Positive Blood Type

A

You have Rhesus protien

41
Q

Erythrocytes Disorders

A
  • Polycythemia
  • Sickle-Cell Disease
  • Anemia
42
Q

Polycythemia

A

Excess RBC creating high blood viscosity.

43
Q

Sickle-Cell Disease

A

Hereditary Hemoglobin causes blood clots

44
Q

Anemia

A

Decrease in RBCs

  • Nutritional Anemia
  • Iron-deficiency Anemia
  • Pernicious Anemia
45
Q

Hemophilia

A

In ability to clot blood

46
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of the WBCs

47
Q

Type of Antibodies

A
  • IgA
  • IgD
  • IgE
  • IgG
  • IgM
48
Q

IgA

A

Prevents pathogens from adhering to epithelial and penetrating tissue

49
Q

IgD

A

Acts as an Ig receptor

50
Q

IgE

A

Stimulates mast cells, pasophils, and eosinophils to tell them there is a problem

51
Q

IgG

A

Makes up 75-85% of Ab’s

ONLY Ab that crosses the placenta & provides immunity to the fetus

52
Q

IgM

A

Largest of all antibodies

Strong agglutinating ability

Includes anti-A & anti-B

53
Q

Primary Response

A

IgM

Body has not seen particular Antigen before & needs time to build up defense.

54
Q

Secondary Response

A

IgG

Body had a prior exposure to the Ag before and can build up defense quickly.

55
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Production of the formed element if blood

  • stem cell: can become any type of cell
  • RBC: no nucleus
  • WBC: have nucleus

Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions