Mitosis Flashcards
What are somatic cells
What is mitosis
What is cytokinesis
Body cells that make up 99.9% of all cells in mitotic division
Division of the nucleus of cells
Division of cytoplasm
Cell division that increases what
Meiotic division contains what cells
What is mitotic division
Number of somatic cells
Gametes ( sperm and egg cells)
Mitosis and cytokinesis in somatic cells
What is interphase
What is G1
Longest phase in the cycle containing G1, S and G2 stages (everything but mitotic phase)
Organelles double in number, accumulates materials needed for division
What is s
What is G2
What is m
Synthesis of DNA that occurs as chromosomes duplicate
Synthesis of proteins needed for division. growth occurs as cells prepare to divide
Mitotic stage of mitosis and cytokinesis
What must be present for stitches to progress in cells
G2 checkpoint
M checkpoint
G1 checkpoint
Protein cyclin
Stop cycle DNA is not done replicating or is damaged
Stops if chromosomes are not aligned
protein P 53 stop cycle if DNA is damaged
What is Apoptosis
What happens during apoptosis
What mediates apoptosis
Cell suicide
Nucleus breaks down and cell undergoes fragmentation
Two sets of enzymes called Caspases
What does each enzyme do in Caspases
What are chromatin
What are chromosomes
One set initiates the event the other set activates enzymes that digest the cell
Tangled mass of threadlike DNA in non-dividing cells
CONDENSED ROD SHAPED DNA MOLECULES DURING DIVISION
What is a diploid number
What is a haploid number
2n characteristic chromosome number, chromosomes in pairs
N Half the diploid number found in gametes
Mitosis chromosomes number
DNA replication
What is each duplicated chromosome composed of
Nuclear division in which chromosome number stays constant
Produces duplicate chromosomes
Two sister chromatids held together by a centromere
Sister chromatids
During mitosis what happens to the centromeres
Replicated in un replicated chromosomes are both
Are genetically identical
They divide and each chromatid becomes a daughter chromosome
One whole chromosome
What is Aster
What are the four stages of animal cell mitosis
Centrosomes and spindle fiber
Prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Nuclear membrane disappears centrosomes migrate spindle fibers appear
Chromosomes line up attached spindle fibers
Centromeres divide sister chromatids migrate
Cytokinesis begins and cytoplasm pinches
Mitosis and plant cells
Cytokinesis in plant cells
Occurs in Meristematic tissue
No centrioles or Asters
Flatten small disc appears between daughter cells. Gold G apparatus produces vesicles which move to the disk. Release molecules which build new cell wall, vesicle membranes complete plasma membrane’s
What is a cell plate
What happens in cytokinesis in animal cells
Dividing wall in plant cell
Cleavage furrow forms between daughter nuclei
Contractile rings contracts deepening the Furrow
continues until separation is complete
Binary fission
How many chromosomes to prokaryotes cells have
What occurs before division
Cell division in prokaryotes
Just a single chromosome
Chromosomal replication
