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Biology > 37 34 > Flashcards

37 34 Flashcards

0
Q

Green plants and algea

A

Photosynthesis

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1
Q

Autrophs

A

Primary producers
Require energy source and inorganic nutrients to produce food molecules
—food energy

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2
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

produce sugar

Bacteria

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3
Q

Heterothophs

A

Consumers
Consume organic nutrients
• herbivores carnivores omnivores
Decomposers

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4
Q

Energy does not recycle it….

A

Flows

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5
Q

Energy enters ecosystem in forms of….

A

Sunlight absorbed by producers

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6
Q

Chemicals enter when

A

Producers absorb inorganic nutrients

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7
Q

Producers make

A

Organic nutrients for them self and all other organisms

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8
Q

Energy is released at each level to the environment in form of heat only …% is usable at
Trophic levels

A

10%

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9
Q

Energy flow and chemical cycling

A

Sun to producer to consumer or decomposer to decomposer to inorganic nutrient pool

Energy stops at decomposers

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10
Q

Interrelationship between organism in the food chain

A

Food web

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11
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

Ecosystem depend on outside energy sorce

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12
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

With energy transformation energy is given off as heat

Energy at each higher trophic level is lesser 10%

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13
Q

Grazing food chain

A

Begins with produser

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14
Q

Detrital food chain

A

Begins with detritus

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15
Q

Trophic level

A

Is composed of all organisms that feed at a particular link to the food chain

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16
Q

Primary produsers

A

First trophic level

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17
Q

Primary consumers

A

Second tropic level

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18
Q

Secondary consumers

A

3rd tropic level

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19
Q

Ecological pyrimids

A

Amount of available energy in trophic levels

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20
Q

Most available energy

A

Producers

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21
Q

Biomass

A

the number of organisms at each level multiplied by their weight

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22
Q

Biogeochemical cycle 2 types

A

Gaseous cycle

Sedimentary cycle

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23
Q

Gaseous cycle

A

Drawn from and returns to the atmosphere

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24
Q

Sedimentary cycle

A

Element is drawn from soil by plant roots, eaten by consumers, returned to soil by decomposers

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25
Q

The water cycle

A

Evaporation
Precipitation
Surface water
Returns to ocean

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26
Q

Hydrologic cycle

A

Transpiration, evaporation from soil, aquifers, The water cycle

27
Q

Phosphorous cycle

A

Phosphate enters soil as rocks undergo weathering process

Picked up by producer and cycles through consumers and finally decomposers

28
Q

Human impact. Accelerated transfer rate

A

Phosphate mining and supply mentation on farm fields, detergents

29
Q

Cultural eutrophication over enrichment

A

Increase Algal bloom
Algae die off decomposers consume high levels of oxygen in the water
Results in massive fish pills

30
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Conversion of nitrogen gas N2 to ammonium NH4+ by bacteria

31
Q

Nitrogen gas takes how much of the atmosphere

A

78% and usable by plants

32
Q

Nitrification

A

Produse of nitrates plants can also use

33
Q

Nitrogen Gas is converted into nitrates in the atmosphere

A

By lightning, meteors trails, cosmetic radiation

34
Q

Nitrifying bacteria

A

Causes t aluminum in soil to convert to nitrates

35
Q

Denitrification

A

Nitrates back into gas by denitrifying bacteria

36
Q

The carbon cycle

A

Cell respiration returns to its atmosphere

37
Q

reservoirs of carbon

A

Dead organisms -fossil fuels

Forests

38
Q

Human Activities

A

More carbon dioxide is being deposited in atmosphere than is being removed
Global warming

39
Q

Phosphorus cycle

A

Biotic community recycles phosphorus back to its producers

40
Q

An exchange pool

A

Source available to organisms

41
Q

Biome

A

Major type of terrestrial ecosystem

42
Q

Distribution of biomes is due to

A

Climate factors

Distribution of solar radiation, Topography

43
Q

Order of biomes starting in equator

A

Tropical rain forest, temperate deciduous forest, coniferous forest, tundra

44
Q

Alpine tundra

A

Mostly shrubs. Near peak of the mountain

45
Q

Montane coniferous forest

A

Coniferous forest of a mountain

46
Q

Tundra

A

Very cold and dark most of the year and short growing season’s
Only 2o cm a a years of precipitation
Shortgrass dwarf shrubs
Wolves polar Bears lemmings

47
Q

Coniferous forest

A

Temperate rainforest, mountaintops, taiga

48
Q

Taiga

A

Coniferous forests
Below freezing for half the year Long nights in winter long days in
Cone bearing trees pine furs
Deer moose beaver wolves bears

49
Q

Temperate rainforest

A

Old growth forest

California redwoods

50
Q

Temperate deciduous forest

A

Long growing seasons, well-defined seasons

51
Q

Tropical forest

A

Always warm abundant rainfall, biome with greatest diversity of species of plants and animals

52
Q

Shrub lands

A

Many fires
Waxy leaves
Chaparral-dense shrub lands

53
Q

Grasslands

A

Rainfall but not enough to support trees

Grasses well adapted to changing environments

54
Q

Savannas

A

Grasslands with some trees

55
Q

Desert

A

Low precipitation
Succulents-cacti
Wild temperatures many are burying animals to avoid the heat

56
Q

Oligotrophic

A

Nutrient poor

phosphates

57
Q

Lakes

A

Temperature and concentration of dissolved gases varies with dept
Seasonal turnover
Redistribute oxygen and nutrients

58
Q

Fall overturn

A

Coldwater sinks and makes the lake turn

59
Q

Coastal ecosystems

A

Salt marshes, mudflates, Man Grove Forest

Estuaries

60
Q

Estuaries

A

Were salt meets brackish water
Feeding grounds
Nurseries near mouth of river

61
Q

Littoral zone

A

High and low tidal marks

62
Q

Seashore

A

Open sand

Claims, crabs, sand shrimp, sand dollars

63
Q

Pelagic division

A

Water column

64
Q

Benthic division

A

Sea floor

65
Q

Eutrophic

A

Nutrient rich

Lots of Algae

Biology (21 decks)

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