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Biology > Ch 4 Cells > Flashcards

Ch 4 Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Cell wall

A

Contains peptideglycans

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1
Q

Microtubules

A

Protrude from centrosome and form centrioles, cilia and flagella

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2
Q

Nucleoid

A

Region which contains a single chromosome

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3
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Outer boundary of cell
Embedded proteins
Associated glycolipids and cholesterol

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4
Q

Actin filament

A

Interact with motor molecules myosin in muscles

Muscles for movement

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5
Q

Lysosome

A

Protein containing vesicles within cells in the digestive system
Contain Hydrolytic enzymes
Fuses with vesicles from cell membrane containing macromolecules
Digestion occurs and nutrients release to cells

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6
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Complex system of sacs and channels

Attached ribosomes
Serves as site of assembly of proteins for export’s

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7
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Helps detoxify substances in a cell
H202
Making hydrogen peroxide or breaking it down

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8
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Semi fluid within

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9
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesizes lipid products such as phospholipids and steroids
Released in vesicles

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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Packaging in processing center for cells products
Vesicles fuse with Golgi and products are released inside
Produces lysosome

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11
Q

Chromosome

A

DNA condensed getting ready for division

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12
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dark regions of chromatin which produce rRNA which is composed of ribosomes rna

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A 
Sites of photosynthesis 
capture light energy and converted to chemical energy to form food molecules.   
Grana
Stroma
Membranous a system of thylakoids
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14
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Double layered surrounds nucleus and has large pores

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A

Another energy related organelle
Matrix
Cristae
double membrane

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16
Q

Centrioles

A

Short tubules with 9+0 pattern of microtubule triplets

Believed to be involved in microtubule formation including mitotic spindle

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17
Q

Cell theory

A

All Things are composed of cells
Cells are the functional and structural units of organisms
All cells are derived from previous is existing cell
Schleiden and schwann

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18
Q

Robert Hooke

Leeuwenhoek

Schleiden and schwann

A

First observed cells in cork

Invented light microscope

Proposed cell theory

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19
Q

Cell size

A

Service over volume ratio determine cell size
Surface-increases by the square of a radius
Volume increases as the cube of the radius

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20
Q

Cristae

A

Inner Folds on the membrane

Providing increase surface area for the production of ATP

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21
Q

Cholesterol

A

ProVides flexibility to cell membrane

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21
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Arrangement of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends

22
Q

Small cells

A

Greater surface volume ratio

22
Q

Nucleus

A 
Contains genetic material DNA
Nuclear membrane
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
22
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA not condensed before divided

23
Q

Large cells

A

Volume increases while surface does not

24
Q

Surface area

A

Nutrients go through surface to get to the cell. Cells must be small in order for the surface area to be adequate to supply nutrients

25
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein assembly
Composed of RNA subunits
Exist as free ribosomes or bounded to endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

SEM and TEM

A

Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope

27
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Have a membrane-bound nucleus

All plants and animals are eukaryotic

29
Q

Cell membrane

A

Barrier between cell and it’s environment
Regulation of transporting substances in and out of this
Contains protein and it’s a very dynamic fluid structure

31
Q

Plant cells

A

Outer cell wall in addition to plasma membrane which is composed of cellulose for rigidity

32
Q

Organelles

A

Sub cellular structures which perform specific life functions for cells
Found in animal and plant cells

34
Q

Organelles specifically found in either plants or animals

A

Plants -chloroplast, central vacuole

Animals -centrioles

35
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Includes nuclear membrane,

endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and vesicles

36
Q

Assemble proteins

A

Enter channels for processing

released in vesicles

36
Q

Apoptosis

A

Cell suicide

Lysosomal membranes in older damage cells rupture and enzymes digest the cell

37
Q

Grana and granum

A

In the chloroplast structure regions of stack thylakoids
Grana Plural and
Granum non-Plural

38
Q

Stroma

A

Surrounded by fluid-filled double outer membrane

Fluid inside chloroplast

39
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process of oxidizing food molecules
See 6H1206+602–/–6C02+6H20+ATP
Carbohydrate plus oxygen carbon ——->dioxide plus water plus energy (ATP)

40
Q

Metrix

A

Surrounded by a fluid filled double membrane

41
Q

Site of aerobic cell respiration

A

Production of ATP

42
Q

Relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

Only plants and algae have chloroplasts

all cells and plants animals contain mitochondria

43
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Light energy +carbon dioxide + water –>carbohydrate +oxygen

Chemicals required by cell respiration are produced in photosynthesis and vice versa

44
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Maintain cell shape and allows organelles to move

Actin Filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

45
Q

Intermediate filament

A

Support the nuclear membrane

Support nucleus

46
Q

Centrosome in animal cells

A

Composed of two centrioles

47
Q

Celia. And Flagella

A

Hair-like projections, Generally multiple and flagella single or double
9+2 pattern of microtubules

49
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A 
Bacteria and Archae
Lack nucleus
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes 
thylakoids 
capsules 
cell wall 
nucleoid
50
Q

Peptideoglycans

A

Protein sugar molecules in the cell wall of bacteria

51
Q

Thylakoids

A

And photosynthetic Cyanobacteria

52
Q

Endosymbiont hypothesis

A

Prokaryotes engulfed by larger cells

53
Q

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

A

Resemble bacteria
both have a double membrane contains DNA
contain their own ribosomes

54
Q

Double membrane

A

Outer could be from vesicle

inner from original cell membrane

Biology (21 decks)

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