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Biology > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of nucleaus of cell

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1
Q

Cell division increases number of what type of cells

A

Somatic

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2
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of cytoplasm

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3
Q

Stages of interphase

A

G1 S G2

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4
Q

G1

A

Organelles double in number

Accumulated materials needed for division

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5
Q

S stage

A

DNA replication

S=synthesis

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6
Q

G2

A

Synthesis of proteins needed for division

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7
Q

Miotic stage

A

Follows interphase

Includes mitosis and cytokinesis

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8
Q

What must be present in order for stages to progress otherwise apoptosis will occur

A

Protein Cyclin

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9
Q

Control of cell cycle

A

G2 checkpoint
M checkpoint
G1checkpoint

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10
Q

G2 check point

A

Stops cycle if DNA is damaged or not replicating

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11
Q

M checkpoint

A

Stops if chromosomes are not aligned

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12
Q

G1 checkpoint

A

Protein p53 stops cycle if DNA is damaged

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13
Q

When does apoptosis occur

A

If DNA isn’t good

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14
Q

What happens in apoptosis

A

Cell becomes spherical

Nucleaus breaks up and cell becomes fragmented which occurs bc of two enzymes called caspases

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15
Q

What do the 2 caspases do in apoptosis

A

One set initiates the events that occur in apoptosis

One activates enzymes that digest cell

16
Q

Chromatin

A

Tangled mass of thread like DNA

17
Q

Chromosomes

A

Condensed or rodshaped DNA molecules during division

18
Q

Diploid

A

Chromosome number, chromosomes in pairs

19
Q

Haploid

A

Half the diploid number found in gannets

20
Q

What is each duplicated chromosome composed of

A

2 sister chromatids held together by a centromere

21
Q

Prophase

A

Nuclear membrane disappears

22
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up at equator associated with spindle fibers

23
Q

Anaphase

A

Centromeres divide, sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles and cytokinins begins

24
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear membrane form, spindle disappears, cytokinesis occurs

25
Q

Mitosis in plant cells occurs where

A

Meristematic tissues

26
Q

Plants do not have

A

Centrioles or asters

27
Q

Cytokinesis in plant cells

A

Flattens small disks apear between daughter cells

Golgi apparatus produces vesicles to move disk

Realesed molecules to build new cell wall

Vesicle membranes complete plasma membranes

28
Q

Cytokinesis in animal cells

A

Cleavage furrow forms between daughter nuclei

Contractile ring contracts deepening furrow and continues until separation is complete

29
Q

Cell division of prokaryotes (bacteria)

A

Binary fission

  • Prokaryotes have single chromosome
  • Chromosomal replication occurs b4 division
  • cell begins to elongate to twice its length
  • cell membrane grows inward until division is complete

Biology (21 decks)

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