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Biology > Cells And Flow Of Energy > Flashcards

Cells And Flow Of Energy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

First Laws of thermodynamics

Second

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed

Energy cannot change forms without loss of energy

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1
Q

Kinetic energy

Potential energy

A

Movement

Stored energy

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2
Q

Entropy

A

Relative amounts of disorder of disorganization
Everything wants to be disorganized so it can be stable
All cells processes increase amount of entropy of the universe

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3
Q

Cell metabolism

Loss of …at each step

A lot of energy means…

A

involves energy transformations

Usable energy

Its unstable

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4
Q

Glucose

Unequal distribution of hydrogen ions

Carbon dioxide and water

Equal distribution of hydrogen ions

A

Organized, less stable(entropy) more potential energy

Less organized more stable entropy less potential energy

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5
Q

Metabolism

Reactants

Products

A

All chemical reactions in the cell

Substances that participate in chemical reactions

Substances that are formed in chemical reaction

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6
Q

Free energy

A

Amount of energy that is available to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred

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7
Q

Exergonic reactions

Endergonic reactions

Coupling of reactions

A

Ones in which energy is released

Energy is absorbed(input of energy)

Endergonic reactions like muscle contractions are coupled with exergonic reactions to provide energy

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8
Q

Atp–>

Ex) exergonic

Ex) endergonic

A

Adp+p+free energy
Brake phosphate bonds for energy
Adenosine triphosphate

Cellular respiration

Protein synthesis, nerve conduction, muscle contraction

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9
Q

What are the three advantages of ATP as energy carrier

A

It provides a common energy currency for many reactions
Breakdown of ATP to ADP+ P releases sufficient energy for biological processes
ATP breakdown is coupling reactions insuch a way that minimizes energy loss

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10
Q

What is the ATP structure

A

Modify nucleotide Adenine, ribose, three phosphate

High-energy compound from because the terminal phosphate group is easily removed

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11
Q

Coupled reactions

Function of ATP

A

Energy from Exergonic breakdown of ATP is used to drive and endergonic reaction.

Transport, mechanical, chemical

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12
Q

What is the transport function of ATP

What is the mechanical function of ATP

What is the chemical function of ATP

A

Supplies energy for active transport mechanism
Supplies energy for muscle contraction Celia movement, chromosome migration
Supplies energy for synthesis of macromolecules

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13
Q

Metabolic pathways

Small or large steps

A

Is a series of linked reactions starts with specific reactant and produces an end product
Releases metabolic energy
Large steps one step releases more energy then multiple steps

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14
Q

How is each step catalyzed

What is an enzyme

A

By a specific enzyme

Protein molecule functions as a catalyzed speed up rate of chemical reaction

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15
Q

What is a substrate

Enzymes lower the what

Inhibition

A

Reactants and then enzymatic reaction are called substrate

The energy of activation of a specific reactions

And product turning off enzyme that created it

16
Q

How can you regulate pathways of metabolic pathways

Allostelic sice

A

Turn off enzyme by a block or change in shape of active shape

When a substrate enters the back of an enzyme

17
Q

Process of reaction with free energy

Enzyme plus substrate equals

A

More energy of activation is used without enzymes for the progress of reaction, ensmzymes speed up chemical reactions

Enzyme plus phosphate

18
Q

Where did binding occur

Is substrate that exact shape of the active site

A

In the active site of the enzyme

No active sites can undergo slight changes

19
Q

What is an enzyme substrate complex

What is dentures

A

Products of two substrates fitting active site

Break or change in enzyme because of heat

20
Q

What increases with substrate concentration?

How can cells regulate metabolism?

A

Enzyme activity because more collisions between substrate and enzyme
By which enzymes are active
Gene producing enzymes will be turned on and off to regulate enzyme concentration

21
Q

All enzymes are made of …

PH

Pepsin

Trypsin

A

Proteins

Can denture enzyme
Ph dependent
Each hasOptimal pH

Enzyme in stomach
Enzyme in intestine

22
Q

Enzyme inhibition occurs when

Binding to site other than active site

A

Enzyme cannot bind to substrate
Activity of cell is regulated by feed back inhibition

Changes active site

Poison=inhibition

23
Q

Enzyme cofactors

Coenzymes

A

Inorganic molecules
+
Organic molecules
= vitamins

24
Q

LEO says GER

Oxygen reduces to form

Hydrogen atoms are transferred from water to carbon dioxide and glucose is formed

A

Loss of electrons is oxidation
Gain of electrons is reduction

Water

Biology (21 decks)

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