Miscellaneous Antin=microbial Agents and Disinfectants, Antiseptics and Sterilants

Question 1

Infections caused by gram negative bacilli have occured when this cationic surfactant has been used as skin antiseptic

Answer 1

Benzalkonium chloride

Question 2

Patient has been diagnosed with abdominal sepsis. Management should be?

Answer 2

Administer a drug that is active against anaerobes

Question 3

Fungal superinfections have been documebted in oatients being treated with __________

Answer 3

metronidazole

Question 4

What is the safest drug to use topically to treat scabies and pediculosis?

Answer 4

Permethrin

Question 5

Methenamine salts are used as urinary antiseptics. THe reason they lack systemic antibacterial action is that they are

Answer 5

COnverted to formaldehyde only at low pH (5.5)

• Ascorbic acid is sometimes given with methenamine salts to ensure low urinary pH

Question 6

T/F Metronidazole has acitivty against C. diffice

Answer 6

T

Question 7

T/F neonatal gonoccal ophthalmia can be prevented by silver nitrate

Answer 7

T

Question 8

T/F polymyxins act as a cationic dtergents to disrup bacterial cell membranes

Answer 8

T

Question 9

T/F resistance to nitrofurans emerges rapidly and there is cross-resistance with sulfonamide

Answer 9

F

Question 10

T/F Salicylic acid has usedul antidermatophytic activity when applied locally

Answer 10

T

Question 11

What antiseptic promotes wound healing?

Answer 11

None

Question 12

An AIDS patient’s blood was accidentally spilled on a porous surface. How will you disinfect the surface

Answer 12

Clean the floor with a 10% solution of household bleach

Question 13

Neuropathies are more likely to occur with this agent when it is used with renal dysfunction. The drug may cause acute hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrigenase (G6PD) deficiency

Answer 13

Nitrofurantoin

Question 14

Metronidazole, Tinidazole

Answer 14

Disrupts electron transport

Bacteridal vs Anaerobic bacteria and ceratin protozoa

Anerobic bacterial infections and clostridum difficile colitis. Oral/IV, hepatic clearance. Tinidazole: longer half life

SE: GI upsets, metallic taste, neuropathy, seizure. disulfiram like interaction with alcohol

Question 15

Fidaxomicin

Answer 15

Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase

Bactericidal

Zero absorption used PO for C. difficile infection in adults

SE: low due to lack of absorption

Question 16

Rifaximin

Answer 16

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Bactericdal

Zero absorpion use PO for heaptic encephalopathy, IBD with diarrhea and as an adjunct in cases of refractory C. difficile infection in adults

SE: low due to lack absorption

Question 17

Urinary antiseptics

(Nitrofurantoin, methenamine slats)

Answer 17

Not identified (nitrofurantoin). forms formaldehyde in urine (methanamine)

Bactericidal or bacteriostatic

Oral, low blood levels, high urine levels. simple UTI and prophylaxis. MEthanamine is used for suppresion in UT infections

SE: GI upset; neuropathy (nitrofurantoin)

Question 18

used in surgical dressings and has activity against gram negative bacteria including Pseudomonas

Uses as urianry irrigant

Answer 18

Acetic acid (1%)

Question 19

effective bactericidal agent but has the disadvantage of causing persistent brown stains on skin and clothing

Answer 19

Potassium permanganate

Question 20

weak antiseptic and stains tissues bright red color

Answer 20

Merbromin