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I hate DRUGS!! > Antiprotozoal Drugs > Flashcards

Antiprotozoal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

the Drug of choice for Pneumocystis jirovecci

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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2
Q

inhibitor of plasmodial hydrolfolate

A

Proguanil

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3
Q

destroys secondary exoerythrocytic schizonts

A

Primaquine

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4
Q

Plasmodial resistance to chloroquine is due to

A

Decreased accumulation of the drug in the food vacuole

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5
Q

recommended drug fro prohlyxis in regions of the world where chloroquine resistant P. falciparum is endemic

A

Mefloquine

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6
Q

Alternative drug for prophylaxis but must be given daily

A

Doxycycline

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7
Q

Parenteral artemisinin

A

Artesumate

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8
Q

drug of choice in eradication of P. vivax

A

Primaquine

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9
Q

the treatment of choice in mild to moderate amebic colitis

A

Metronidazole plus a luminal amebicide (diloxanide fuorate)

  • Diloxanide furoate (or iodoquinol or paromomycin) can be used as the sole agent in aymptomatic intestinal infection
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10
Q

effective in kmost cases of hepatic abscess due to the dual advantage of being both amebicidal and active against anaerobic bacteria

A

Metronidazole given for (10d) or Tinidalzole for (5d) plus a luminal agent

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11
Q

Possible treatment for Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole or tinidazole

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12
Q

A drug that can clear trypanosomes from the blood and lymph nodes and is active in the late CNS stages of african sleeping sickness

A

Melarsopol

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13
Q

Chloroquine

A

Prevents heme - >hemozoin

Blood schintozide

Oral, All nonresistant malarials. Autoimmune diseases

SE: GI upset, rash, headache

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14
Q

Artemisinins

A

Metabolism to toxic free radicals in protozoa

Blood schizonticides

Oral. IB. Combined with lumefantrine for prophylaxis and treametn of falciparum malaria, including resistant forms

GI upset

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15
Q

Mefloquine

A

MOA; unknown

Blood schizonticide

Oral. Weekly for prophylaxis, daily for infection

SE: GI upset, rash, cardiac abdnomalities, psychiatric disturbance, seizures

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16
Q

Primaquine

A

MOA: unknown

Active against liver forms of P. vivax and P. ovale. P. jirovecii pneumonia

Oral

SE: Blood cytopenias, hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

17
Q

Atovaquone

A

Disrupts mitochondrial metabolism

As Malarone (with proguanil) for falciparum. Alternate for PCP

Oral

SE: rash, Fever, GI upse

18
Q

Antifolates

(Pyrimethamine, proguanil, Fansidar (pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine)

A

Inhibit folate synthesis

Mostly blood schizonticide

Oral

GI upset, rashes (sometimes severe), cytopenias

19
Q

Metronidazole, tinidazole

A

Reactive metabolic producs in organisms

Luminal and extraintestinal amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis

Oral. rapid diffusion into all tisues

Nause, headache, parestheisa, disulfiram effect; tinidazole less toxic

20
Q

Diloxanide

A

MOA unknown

Luminal amebiasis

Oral. Short duration

Mild GI upset; avoid inpregnancy

21
Q

Iodoquinol

A

MOA unknown

Luminal amebiasis

Oral

GI upset, rash, headache, iodine toxicity

22
Q

Paromycin

A

Aminoglycoside

Luminal amebiasis. Lesihmaniasis

Oral for amebiasis, parenteral for leishmaniasis

Minimal toxicity with oral use. mild GI upset

23
Q

Pentamidine

A

MOA unknown

PCP, african trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis

Parenteral, inhalation

Hypotension, injection pain, pancratic toxicity, thrombocytopenia, hallucinations

24
Q

Melarsopol

A

Trivalent arsenical: enzyme inhibition

African trypanosomiasis

PArenteral

Fever, GI upset and encephalopathy, renal and cardiac damage

25
Q

Nifurtimox

A

MOA unkown

American typanosomiasis

Oral

Allergies, GI upset, CNS abnormalities

26
Q

Suramin

A

MOA unknown

African trypanosomiasis

Parenteral

Rash, GI upset, neurologic dysfunction

27
Q

Eflornithine

A

Inhibits ornithine decarboxylase

African trypanosomiasis

Oral and parenteral

GI upset, liver abnormalities, seizures

28
Q

Sodium stibogluconate

A

Inhibits glycolysis, nucleic acid metabolism

Lesimaniasis, all forms

PArenteral

Cardiac toxicity

29
Q

______may decrease oral absorption of chloroquine

A

Antacids

30
Q

the only drugs reliably effective against quinine resistant strains

A

Artemisinins

31
Q

May precipitate porohyria attacks

A

Chloroquine

32
Q

Quinine is commonly used with _________ or _________ to shorten duration of therapy

A

Doxycycline

Clindamycin

33
Q

______commonly causes cinchonism

A

Quinine

34
Q

forms quinoline-quinone metabolites,, which are electron transferring compounds that act as cellular oxidants

A

Primaquine

35
Q

a suicide substrate of ornithine decarboxylase

A

Eflornithine

36
Q

Inhibits the parasitic unique enzyme trypanothione reductase

A

Nifurtimox

I hate DRUGS!! (26 decks)

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