KEY WORDS FOR KEY DRUGS Flashcards
Monoclonal antibody that inhibits the binding of paltelt GpIIB/IIIA to fibrinogen.
Used to prevent clotting after coronary angiplastu and in acute coronary syndrome
Abciximab
- Eptifibatide and tirofibam are also GPIIb/IIIa
Antipyretic analgesic, very weak COX inhibitor; not antiinflammatory. LEss GI distress thatn aspirn but dangerous in overdose
Acetaminophen
Carbonic anhydrae-inhibiting diuretic acting in the porximal concoluted tubule: produce a NAHCO3 diuresis, results in bicarbonate depletion and metabolic acidosis. Has self limited diuretic but persistent bicarbonate-depleting action. Used in glaucoma and mountain sickness
Acetazolamide
Cholinomimetic prototypeL transmitter in CNS, ENS, all ANS ganglia, parasympathetic postganglionic synapses, sympathetic postganglionic fibers to sweat glands and skeletal muscle end plate synapses
Acetylcholine
Antiviral: inhibits DNA synthesis in HSV and VSV, Requires activation by viral thymidine kinase,
Acyclovir
- Tox:
- behavioral effcts and nephrotoxicity (crystalluria) but minima; myelosuppression
Antiarrhytmic. miscellaneous group; parenteral only. Hyperpolarizes AV nodal tissue, blocks conduction for 10-15 s. used for nodal reentry arrhytmias
Adenosine
Tox: hypotension, flushing, chest pain
Prototypic rapid acting,short acting B agonist, important use ina cute asthma. Tox: tachycardia, arrhythmias, tremor. Other drugs with similar action
albuterol
Bisphophoante: chronic treatment with low doses increases bone mineral density and reduces fractures. higher doses lower serum calcium. Used osteoporosis and for the hypercalcemia in Paget’s disease and maliganancies.
Alendronate
Tox: esophageal irritation at low oral doses. Renal dysfucntion and osteonecrosis of the jaw in high doses
Renin inhibitor reduces level of ANG I and ANG II; used in hypertension. Tox: angioedema, renal impairment
Aliskiren
Irreversible inhibitor of xanthine oxidase; reduces production of uric acid. used in gout and adjunctively in cancer chemotherapy, Inhibits metabolism of purine analogs,
Allopurinol
Thrombolytic. human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, Used to recanalize occluded blood vessels in acute MI, severe PE, stroke.
Alteplase
K-sparing diuretic: block epithelial Na channels in cortical colelcting tubules
Amiloride
Tox: Potassium
Group 3 antiarrythmic: broad spectrum; blocks sodium, potassium, calcium channels, B-blockers. High efficacy and very long half-life (weeks to months)
Amiodarone
Tox: deposits in tissues; skin coloration; hypo-hyperthyroidism; pulmoanry fibrosis; optic neuritis
Ibutilide is more selective group 3 antiarrhythmic, used for Afib
Indirect-acting sympathomimetic: displaces stored cathecholamines in nerve endings, Marked CNS stimulant actions; high abuse liability. USed in ADHD for short term weight loss and for narcolepsy.
Amphetamine
Tox: psychosis, HTN, MI, seizures
- Other indirect acting sympathomimetics that displace catecholamines
- ephedrine
- pseudoephedrine
- methylphenidate
- tyramine
Antifungal: polyene commonly a drug of choice for systmic mycosesl binds to ergosterol ti disrupt fungal cell membrane permeability,
Amphotericin B
Tox: chills and fever, hypotension, nephrotoxicity (dose limiting)
Penicillin: wider specturm than penicillin G, susceptible to penicillinase unless used with sulbactam.
Ampicillin
Aromatase inhibitor: prototype inhibitor of the enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol. Used in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.
Anastrozole
- Exemestane: irreversible aromatase inhibitor
NSAID prototype. Inhibits COS 1 and 2 irrevesiblt. Antiplatelet agent as well as antipyretic, analgesic, and antiinflammatory
Aspirin
Beta1-selective blocker: low lipid solubility solubility, less CNS effect; used for HTN, angina.
Atenolol
Muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker prototype; lipid soluble, CNS effects; antidote for cholinesterase poisoning
Atropine
- Cyclopentolate, tropicamide
- antimuscarinics for ophthalmology; cause cycloplegia and mydriasis
- Glycopyrrolate
- antimuscarinic with decreased CNS effects
MAcrolide antibiotic; similar to erythromycin but greater activity against H. influenzae, chlamydiae and streptococci; long half life with renal elimiantion
Azithromycin
GABA analog, orally active: spasmolytic; activates GABA(b) receptors in the spinal cord
Baclofen
Muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker: centrally acting antimuscarinic prototype for parkinsonism
Benztropine
- Tox: Excess antimuscarinic effects
Toxins produced by. c. botulinum: enyymes that cleave proteins and blcok transmitter release from acetylcholine vesicles. Injected to treat muscle spasm, smooth wrinkles, and reduce excessive sweating
Botulinum
Ergot derivative: protoype dopamine agonist in CNS; inhibits prolactin release. used in hyperprolactinemia and a rarely used alternatice drug in parkonsonism
Bromocriptine
Tox: various CNS disturbances, dyskinesias, hypotension
Long acting amide local anesthetic prototype
Bupivacaine
Tox: greater cardiovascular toxicity than most local anesthetics
Opiod: longa cting partial agonist of mu receptors. Analgesic (not equivalent to morphine) and effective detoxifcation and maintenacne in opiod dependence
Biprenorphine
- Nalbuphine
- Activates k and weakly blocks mu receptors
- Pentazocine
- kappa agonist and weak mu antagonist or partial agonsit
Antidepressant and used in smoking of mu receptors. Mechanism uncertain, but no direct actions on CNS amines
Bupropion
Tox: agitation, anxiety, aggrvation of psychosis and, at high doses, seizures
Peptide hormone secreted by thyroid gland. Decreases serum calcium and phosphate by decreasing bone resorption. Delivered as a nasal spray and SQ injetcion
Calcitonin
Tox: rhinitis with nasal spray
Inhibitor of SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter in renal tubulesl causes sodium and glucose diuresisl reduces HbA1c, beneficial in T2DM and heart failure
Canagliflozin
- Similar to
- Dapagliflozin, empaglifozin
- Tox: Genitourinary infections
ACE inhibitor prototype. USed in HTN, diabetic nephropathy and F
Captopril
Tox: hyperkalemia, fetal reanl famage, cough
Antiseizure drug: used for tonic-clonic and partial seizures; blocks Na channels in neuronal membranes. DOC for trigeminal neuralgia; back up drug in bipoalr disorder
Carbamazepine
Tox: CNS depression, myelotoxic, induces liver drug-metabolizing enzymes, teratogenicity
Adrenoceptor blocker; racemic mixture, one isomer is nonselective B blocker and the othe is an a1 blocker. Used in HTN, prolongs survival in HF
Carvedilol
Tox: Cardiovascualr depression, asthma
Antifungal: echinocandin prototype, inhibitor of B(1-3) glucan synthesis, a cell wall component. used IV for disseminated Candidad and Aspergillus infections.
Caspofungin
- Tox: GI effects, flushing. Icnreases cyclosporine levels
First generation cephalosporin protorype: bactericida; beta -lactam inhbitor of cell wall synthesis, Active against gram postivie cocci, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, but does not enter the CNS
Cefazolin
3rd generation cephalosporin, active against many abcteria, including pneumococci, gonoccoci (DOC), and gram negative rods. Enters the CNS and is used in bacterial meningitis
Ceftriaxone
Selective Cox-2 inhibitor. LEss GI toxivity than nonselective NSAIDs
Celcoxib
Tox: nephrotoxicity, increased risk of coronary thrombosis and stroke
Antibiotic: broad specturm agent. Inhibtis 50s, uses restricted to backup drug for bacterial meningitis, infections due to anaerobes, Salmonella
Chloramphenicol
Tox: gray baby syndrome
Anti-malarial: blood schizonticide used for treatment and porphylaxis in areas in which P. falciparum is susceptible. Binds to heme, causing dysfunctional cell membranes: resistance resulting from efflux via P-glycoprotein pump
Chloroquine
Tox: Gi distress and skin rash at low doses; peripheral neuropathy, skin lesions, auditory and visual impairment, quinidine-like cardiotoxicity at high doses
Antihisamine first generation H1 blcoker prototype,
Chlorpheniramine
Tox: less seadtion and ANS blocking action than dephenhydrmaine
Phenothiazine antipsychotics drug prototype: blocks most dopamine receptors in CNS.
Chlorpromazine
Tox: atropine-like, EPS dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, postural hypotension, sedation, seizures
Antihyperlipidemic: bile acid binding resin prototype that sequesters bile acids in gut and diverts more choelsterol from the liver to bile acids instead of circulating lipoproteins
Cholestyramine
Tox: constipation, blaoting: interferes with absorption of some drugs
H2 blocker: used ina cid peptic disease
Cimetidine
Tox: inhibits heaptid drug metabolisml has antiandrogen effects
Tox: inhibits hepatic drug metabolism; has antiandrogen effects
