KEY WORDS FOR KEY DRUGS

Question 1

Monoclonal antibody that inhibits the binding of paltelt GpIIB/IIIA to fibrinogen.

Used to prevent clotting after coronary angiplastu and in acute coronary syndrome

Answer 1

Abciximab

• Eptifibatide and tirofibam are also GPIIb/IIIa

Question 2

Antipyretic analgesic, very weak COX inhibitor; not antiinflammatory. LEss GI distress thatn aspirn but dangerous in overdose

Answer 2

Acetaminophen

Question 3

Carbonic anhydrae-inhibiting diuretic acting in the porximal concoluted tubule: produce a NAHCO3 diuresis, results in bicarbonate depletion and metabolic acidosis. Has self limited diuretic but persistent bicarbonate-depleting action. Used in glaucoma and mountain sickness

Answer 3

Acetazolamide

Question 4

Cholinomimetic prototypeL transmitter in CNS, ENS, all ANS ganglia, parasympathetic postganglionic synapses, sympathetic postganglionic fibers to sweat glands and skeletal muscle end plate synapses

Answer 4

Acetylcholine

Question 5

Antiviral: inhibits DNA synthesis in HSV and VSV, Requires activation by viral thymidine kinase,

Answer 5

Acyclovir

• Tox:
  
  • behavioral effcts and nephrotoxicity (crystalluria) but minima; myelosuppression

Question 6

Antiarrhytmic. miscellaneous group; parenteral only. Hyperpolarizes AV nodal tissue, blocks conduction for 10-15 s. used for nodal reentry arrhytmias

Answer 6

Adenosine

Tox: hypotension, flushing, chest pain

Question 7

Prototypic rapid acting,short acting B agonist, important use ina cute asthma. Tox: tachycardia, arrhythmias, tremor. Other drugs with similar action

Answer 7

albuterol

Question 8

Bisphophoante: chronic treatment with low doses increases bone mineral density and reduces fractures. higher doses lower serum calcium. Used osteoporosis and for the hypercalcemia in Paget’s disease and maliganancies.

Answer 8

Alendronate

Tox: esophageal irritation at low oral doses. Renal dysfucntion and osteonecrosis of the jaw in high doses

Question 9

Renin inhibitor reduces level of ANG I and ANG II; used in hypertension. Tox: angioedema, renal impairment

Answer 9

Aliskiren

Question 10

Irreversible inhibitor of xanthine oxidase; reduces production of uric acid. used in gout and adjunctively in cancer chemotherapy, Inhibits metabolism of purine analogs,

Answer 10

Allopurinol

Question 11

Thrombolytic. human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, Used to recanalize occluded blood vessels in acute MI, severe PE, stroke.

Answer 11

Alteplase

Question 12

K-sparing diuretic: block epithelial Na channels in cortical colelcting tubules

Answer 12

Amiloride

Tox: Potassium

Question 13

Group 3 antiarrythmic: broad spectrum; blocks sodium, potassium, calcium channels, B-blockers. High efficacy and very long half-life (weeks to months)

Answer 13

Amiodarone

Tox: deposits in tissues; skin coloration; hypo-hyperthyroidism; pulmoanry fibrosis; optic neuritis

Ibutilide is more selective group 3 antiarrhythmic, used for Afib

Question 14

Indirect-acting sympathomimetic: displaces stored cathecholamines in nerve endings, Marked CNS stimulant actions; high abuse liability. USed in ADHD for short term weight loss and for narcolepsy.

Answer 14

Amphetamine

Tox: psychosis, HTN, MI, seizures

• Other indirect acting sympathomimetics that displace catecholamines
  
  • ephedrine
  • pseudoephedrine
  • methylphenidate
  • tyramine

Question 15

Antifungal: polyene commonly a drug of choice for systmic mycosesl binds to ergosterol ti disrupt fungal cell membrane permeability,

Answer 15

Amphotericin B

Tox: chills and fever, hypotension, nephrotoxicity (dose limiting)

Question 16

Penicillin: wider specturm than penicillin G, susceptible to penicillinase unless used with sulbactam.

Answer 16

Ampicillin

Question 17

Aromatase inhibitor: prototype inhibitor of the enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol. Used in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

Answer 17

Anastrozole

• Exemestane: irreversible aromatase inhibitor

Question 18

NSAID prototype. Inhibits COS 1 and 2 irrevesiblt. Antiplatelet agent as well as antipyretic, analgesic, and antiinflammatory

Answer 18

Aspirin

Question 19

Beta1-selective blocker: low lipid solubility solubility, less CNS effect; used for HTN, angina.

Answer 19

Atenolol

Question 20

Muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker prototype; lipid soluble, CNS effects; antidote for cholinesterase poisoning

Answer 20

Atropine

• Cyclopentolate, tropicamide
  
  • antimuscarinics for ophthalmology; cause cycloplegia and mydriasis
• Glycopyrrolate
  
  • antimuscarinic with decreased CNS effects

Question 21

MAcrolide antibiotic; similar to erythromycin but greater activity against H. influenzae, chlamydiae and streptococci; long half life with renal elimiantion

Answer 21

Azithromycin

Question 22

GABA analog, orally active: spasmolytic; activates GABA(b) receptors in the spinal cord

Answer 22

Baclofen

Question 23

Muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker: centrally acting antimuscarinic prototype for parkinsonism

Answer 23

Benztropine

• Tox: Excess antimuscarinic effects

Question 24

Toxins produced by. c. botulinum: enyymes that cleave proteins and blcok transmitter release from acetylcholine vesicles. Injected to treat muscle spasm, smooth wrinkles, and reduce excessive sweating

Answer 24

Botulinum

Question 25

Ergot derivative: protoype dopamine agonist in CNS; inhibits prolactin release. used in hyperprolactinemia and a rarely used alternatice drug in parkonsonism

Answer 25

Bromocriptine Tox: various CNS disturbances, dyskinesias, hypotension

Question 26

Long acting amide local anesthetic prototype

Answer 26

Bupivacaine Tox: greater cardiovascular toxicity than most local anesthetics

Question 27

Opiod: longa cting partial agonist of mu receptors. Analgesic (not equivalent to morphine) and effective detoxifcation and maintenacne in opiod dependence

Answer 27

Biprenorphine * Nalbuphine * Activates k and weakly blocks mu receptors * Pentazocine * kappa agonist and weak mu antagonist or partial agonsit

Question 28

Antidepressant and used in smoking of mu receptors. Mechanism uncertain, but no direct actions on CNS amines

Answer 28

Bupropion Tox: agitation, anxiety, aggrvation of psychosis and, at high doses, seizures

Question 29

Peptide hormone secreted by thyroid gland. Decreases serum calcium and phosphate by decreasing bone resorption. Delivered as a nasal spray and SQ injetcion

Answer 29

Calcitonin Tox: rhinitis with nasal spray

Question 30

Inhibitor of SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter in renal tubulesl causes sodium and glucose diuresisl reduces HbA1c, beneficial in T2DM and heart failure

Answer 30

Canagliflozin * Similar to * Dapagliflozin, empaglifozin * Tox: Genitourinary infections

Question 31

ACE inhibitor prototype. USed in HTN, diabetic nephropathy and F

Answer 31

Captopril Tox: hyperkalemia, fetal reanl famage, cough

Question 32

Antiseizure drug: used for tonic-clonic and partial seizures; blocks Na channels in neuronal membranes. DOC for trigeminal neuralgia; back up drug in bipoalr disorder

Answer 32

Carbamazepine Tox: CNS depression, myelotoxic, induces liver drug-metabolizing enzymes, teratogenicity

Question 33

Adrenoceptor blocker; racemic mixture, one isomer is nonselective B blocker and the othe is an a1 blocker. Used in HTN, prolongs survival in HF

Answer 33

Carvedilol Tox: Cardiovascualr depression, asthma

Question 34

Antifungal: echinocandin prototype, inhibitor of B(1-3) glucan synthesis, a cell wall component. used IV for disseminated Candidad and Aspergillus infections.

Answer 34

Caspofungin * Tox: GI effects, flushing. Icnreases cyclosporine levels

Question 35

First generation cephalosporin protorype: bactericida; beta -lactam inhbitor of cell wall synthesis, Active against gram postivie cocci, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, but does not enter the CNS

Answer 35

Cefazolin

Question 36

3rd generation cephalosporin, active against many abcteria, including pneumococci, gonoccoci (DOC), and gram negative rods. Enters the CNS and is used in bacterial meningitis

Answer 36

Ceftriaxone

Question 37

Selective Cox-2 inhibitor. LEss GI toxivity than nonselective NSAIDs

Answer 37

Celcoxib Tox: nephrotoxicity, increased risk of coronary thrombosis and stroke

Question 38

Antibiotic: broad specturm agent. Inhibtis 50s, uses restricted to backup drug for bacterial meningitis, infections due to anaerobes, Salmonella

Answer 38

Chloramphenicol Tox: gray baby syndrome

Question 39

Anti-malarial: blood schizonticide used for treatment and porphylaxis in areas in which P. falciparum is susceptible. Binds to heme, causing dysfunctional cell membranes: resistance resulting from efflux via P-glycoprotein pump

Answer 39

Chloroquine Tox: Gi distress and skin rash at low doses; peripheral neuropathy, skin lesions, auditory and visual impairment, quinidine-like cardiotoxicity at high doses

Question 40

Antihisamine first generation H1 blcoker prototype,

Answer 40

Chlorpheniramine Tox: less seadtion and ANS blocking action than dephenhydrmaine

Question 41

Phenothiazine antipsychotics drug prototype: blocks most dopamine receptors in CNS.

Answer 41

Chlorpromazine Tox: atropine-like, EPS dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, postural hypotension, sedation, seizures

Question 42

Antihyperlipidemic: bile acid binding resin prototype that sequesters bile acids in gut and diverts more choelsterol from the liver to bile acids instead of circulating lipoproteins

Answer 42

Cholestyramine Tox: constipation, blaoting: interferes with absorption of some drugs

Question 43

H2 blocker: used ina cid peptic disease

Answer 43

Cimetidine Tox: inhibits heaptid drug metabolisml has antiandrogen effects Tox: inhibits hepatic drug metabolism; has antiandrogen effects