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I hate DRUGS!! > KEY WORDS FOR KEY DRUGS > Flashcards

KEY WORDS FOR KEY DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Monoclonal antibody that inhibits the binding of paltelt GpIIB/IIIA to fibrinogen.

Used to prevent clotting after coronary angiplastu and in acute coronary syndrome

A

Abciximab

  • Eptifibatide and tirofibam are also GPIIb/IIIa
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2
Q

Antipyretic analgesic, very weak COX inhibitor; not antiinflammatory. LEss GI distress thatn aspirn but dangerous in overdose

A

Acetaminophen

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3
Q

Carbonic anhydrae-inhibiting diuretic acting in the porximal concoluted tubule: produce a NAHCO3 diuresis, results in bicarbonate depletion and metabolic acidosis. Has self limited diuretic but persistent bicarbonate-depleting action. Used in glaucoma and mountain sickness

A

Acetazolamide

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4
Q

Cholinomimetic prototypeL transmitter in CNS, ENS, all ANS ganglia, parasympathetic postganglionic synapses, sympathetic postganglionic fibers to sweat glands and skeletal muscle end plate synapses

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

Antiviral: inhibits DNA synthesis in HSV and VSV, Requires activation by viral thymidine kinase,

A

Acyclovir

  • Tox:
    • behavioral effcts and nephrotoxicity (crystalluria) but minima; myelosuppression
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6
Q

Antiarrhytmic. miscellaneous group; parenteral only. Hyperpolarizes AV nodal tissue, blocks conduction for 10-15 s. used for nodal reentry arrhytmias

A

Adenosine

Tox: hypotension, flushing, chest pain

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7
Q

Prototypic rapid acting,short acting B agonist, important use ina cute asthma. Tox: tachycardia, arrhythmias, tremor. Other drugs with similar action

A

albuterol

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8
Q

Bisphophoante: chronic treatment with low doses increases bone mineral density and reduces fractures. higher doses lower serum calcium. Used osteoporosis and for the hypercalcemia in Paget’s disease and maliganancies.

A

Alendronate

Tox: esophageal irritation at low oral doses. Renal dysfucntion and osteonecrosis of the jaw in high doses

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9
Q

Renin inhibitor reduces level of ANG I and ANG II; used in hypertension. Tox: angioedema, renal impairment

A

Aliskiren

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10
Q

Irreversible inhibitor of xanthine oxidase; reduces production of uric acid. used in gout and adjunctively in cancer chemotherapy, Inhibits metabolism of purine analogs,

A

Allopurinol

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11
Q

Thrombolytic. human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, Used to recanalize occluded blood vessels in acute MI, severe PE, stroke.

A

Alteplase

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12
Q

K-sparing diuretic: block epithelial Na channels in cortical colelcting tubules

A

Amiloride

Tox: Potassium

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13
Q

Group 3 antiarrythmic: broad spectrum; blocks sodium, potassium, calcium channels, B-blockers. High efficacy and very long half-life (weeks to months)

A

Amiodarone

Tox: deposits in tissues; skin coloration; hypo-hyperthyroidism; pulmoanry fibrosis; optic neuritis

Ibutilide is more selective group 3 antiarrhythmic, used for Afib

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14
Q

Indirect-acting sympathomimetic: displaces stored cathecholamines in nerve endings, Marked CNS stimulant actions; high abuse liability. USed in ADHD for short term weight loss and for narcolepsy.

A

Amphetamine

Tox: psychosis, HTN, MI, seizures

  • Other indirect acting sympathomimetics that displace catecholamines
    • ephedrine
    • pseudoephedrine
    • methylphenidate
    • tyramine
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15
Q

Antifungal: polyene commonly a drug of choice for systmic mycosesl binds to ergosterol ti disrupt fungal cell membrane permeability,

A

Amphotericin B

Tox: chills and fever, hypotension, nephrotoxicity (dose limiting)

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16
Q

Penicillin: wider specturm than penicillin G, susceptible to penicillinase unless used with sulbactam.

A

Ampicillin

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17
Q

Aromatase inhibitor: prototype inhibitor of the enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol. Used in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

A

Anastrozole

  • Exemestane: irreversible aromatase inhibitor
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18
Q

NSAID prototype. Inhibits COS 1 and 2 irrevesiblt. Antiplatelet agent as well as antipyretic, analgesic, and antiinflammatory

A

Aspirin

19
Q

Beta1-selective blocker: low lipid solubility solubility, less CNS effect; used for HTN, angina.

A

Atenolol

20
Q

Muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker prototype; lipid soluble, CNS effects; antidote for cholinesterase poisoning

A

Atropine

  • Cyclopentolate, tropicamide
    • antimuscarinics for ophthalmology; cause cycloplegia and mydriasis
  • Glycopyrrolate
    • antimuscarinic with decreased CNS effects
21
Q

MAcrolide antibiotic; similar to erythromycin but greater activity against H. influenzae, chlamydiae and streptococci; long half life with renal elimiantion

A

Azithromycin

22
Q

GABA analog, orally active: spasmolytic; activates GABA(b) receptors in the spinal cord

A

Baclofen

23
Q

Muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker: centrally acting antimuscarinic prototype for parkinsonism

A

Benztropine

  • Tox: Excess antimuscarinic effects
24
Q

Toxins produced by. c. botulinum: enyymes that cleave proteins and blcok transmitter release from acetylcholine vesicles. Injected to treat muscle spasm, smooth wrinkles, and reduce excessive sweating

A

Botulinum

25
Q

Ergot derivative: protoype dopamine agonist in CNS; inhibits prolactin release. used in hyperprolactinemia and a rarely used alternatice drug in parkonsonism

A

Bromocriptine

Tox: various CNS disturbances, dyskinesias, hypotension

26
Q

Long acting amide local anesthetic prototype

A

Bupivacaine

Tox: greater cardiovascular toxicity than most local anesthetics

27
Q

Opiod: longa cting partial agonist of mu receptors. Analgesic (not equivalent to morphine) and effective detoxifcation and maintenacne in opiod dependence

A

Biprenorphine

  • Nalbuphine
    • Activates k and weakly blocks mu receptors
  • Pentazocine
    • kappa agonist and weak mu antagonist or partial agonsit
28
Q

Antidepressant and used in smoking of mu receptors. Mechanism uncertain, but no direct actions on CNS amines

A

Bupropion

Tox: agitation, anxiety, aggrvation of psychosis and, at high doses, seizures

29
Q

Peptide hormone secreted by thyroid gland. Decreases serum calcium and phosphate by decreasing bone resorption. Delivered as a nasal spray and SQ injetcion

A

Calcitonin

Tox: rhinitis with nasal spray

30
Q

Inhibitor of SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter in renal tubulesl causes sodium and glucose diuresisl reduces HbA1c, beneficial in T2DM and heart failure

A

Canagliflozin

  • Similar to
    • Dapagliflozin, empaglifozin
    • Tox: Genitourinary infections
31
Q

ACE inhibitor prototype. USed in HTN, diabetic nephropathy and F

A

Captopril

Tox: hyperkalemia, fetal reanl famage, cough

32
Q

Antiseizure drug: used for tonic-clonic and partial seizures; blocks Na channels in neuronal membranes. DOC for trigeminal neuralgia; back up drug in bipoalr disorder

A

Carbamazepine

Tox: CNS depression, myelotoxic, induces liver drug-metabolizing enzymes, teratogenicity

33
Q

Adrenoceptor blocker; racemic mixture, one isomer is nonselective B blocker and the othe is an a1 blocker. Used in HTN, prolongs survival in HF

A

Carvedilol

Tox: Cardiovascualr depression, asthma

34
Q

Antifungal: echinocandin prototype, inhibitor of B(1-3) glucan synthesis, a cell wall component. used IV for disseminated Candidad and Aspergillus infections.

A

Caspofungin

  • Tox: GI effects, flushing. Icnreases cyclosporine levels
35
Q

First generation cephalosporin protorype: bactericida; beta -lactam inhbitor of cell wall synthesis, Active against gram postivie cocci, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, but does not enter the CNS

A

Cefazolin

36
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin, active against many abcteria, including pneumococci, gonoccoci (DOC), and gram negative rods. Enters the CNS and is used in bacterial meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone

37
Q

Selective Cox-2 inhibitor. LEss GI toxivity than nonselective NSAIDs

A

Celcoxib

Tox: nephrotoxicity, increased risk of coronary thrombosis and stroke

38
Q

Antibiotic: broad specturm agent. Inhibtis 50s, uses restricted to backup drug for bacterial meningitis, infections due to anaerobes, Salmonella

A

Chloramphenicol

Tox: gray baby syndrome

39
Q

Anti-malarial: blood schizonticide used for treatment and porphylaxis in areas in which P. falciparum is susceptible. Binds to heme, causing dysfunctional cell membranes: resistance resulting from efflux via P-glycoprotein pump

A

Chloroquine

Tox: Gi distress and skin rash at low doses; peripheral neuropathy, skin lesions, auditory and visual impairment, quinidine-like cardiotoxicity at high doses

40
Q

Antihisamine first generation H1 blcoker prototype,

A

Chlorpheniramine

Tox: less seadtion and ANS blocking action than dephenhydrmaine

41
Q

Phenothiazine antipsychotics drug prototype: blocks most dopamine receptors in CNS.

A

Chlorpromazine

Tox: atropine-like, EPS dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, postural hypotension, sedation, seizures

42
Q

Antihyperlipidemic: bile acid binding resin prototype that sequesters bile acids in gut and diverts more choelsterol from the liver to bile acids instead of circulating lipoproteins

A

Cholestyramine

Tox: constipation, blaoting: interferes with absorption of some drugs

43
Q

H2 blocker: used ina cid peptic disease

A

Cimetidine

Tox: inhibits heaptid drug metabolisml has antiandrogen effects

Tox: inhibits hepatic drug metabolism; has antiandrogen effects

I hate DRUGS!! (26 decks)

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