Drugs with important actions on smooth muscles

Question 1

Serotonin causes ____________

Answer 1

Bronchospasm

Carcinoid is associated with diarrhea and hyertension

Question 2

Physiologic antagonist of histamine

Answer 2

Epinephrine

Question 3

Diphenhydramine is a potent sedative with ____ and ____ Blocking action

Answer 3

H1 and M3

Question 4

Blockade of H2 receptors causes ___________ in cAMP several tissues

Answer 4

Decreases

H2 receptors are Gs-protein coupled receptors, like B adrenoceptors

Question 5

Mechanism of fendluramine

Answer 5

5-HT2 agononist action

Banned because it causes pulmonary hypotension and cardiac valve malfunction

Question 6

Alosetron is indicated in ________

Answer 6

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 7

Cetirizine is indicated for _________

Answer 7

Hay fever

Question 8

_________ effective dopamine agonist in the CNS with the advantage of ral caviry

Answer 8

Bromocriptine

Question 9

______ an agonist at 5HT 1D/1B receptors indicated for prevention and treatment for migraines

Answer 9

Sumatriptan

Question 10

__________ is a powerful vasodilator necessary to reverse ergot-induced vasopasm

Answer 10

Nitroprusside

Question 11

Diphenhydramine

Answer 11

Competitive pharmacologic block of peripheral and CNS H1 receptors plus alpha and M receptor block. Anti motion sickness effect

Used for Hay fever, angioedema, motion sickness

Question 12

Promethazine

Answer 12

H1 blocker with less anti-motion sickness action and more sedative and autonmic effects

Question 13

Cyclizine, meclizine

Answer 13

H1 blockers with more anti-motion sickness action and less sedative and autonomic effect

Question 14

Cetirizine

Answer 14

H1 blockers, second generation

competitive pharmacologic block of peripheral H1 receptors, nO autonomic or anti-motion sickeness effect

Question 15

Cimetidine/famotidine/ranitidine

Answer 15

H2 blocker

Competitive pharmacologic block. No H1 autonomic or anti-motion sickness effects

used in GERD, stress ulcers

Cimetidine: has drug interactions

Question 16

suamtriptan

Answer 16

H-HT 1D/1B agonist. causes vasoconstriction. modualtes neurotransmitter release

used in migraine and cluster headache

Question 17

Ketanserin

Answer 17

5 Ht2 antagonist

competive antagonis and alpha1 blcoker

used in hypertension and carcinoid tumor

Question 18

Ondansetron

Answer 18

5-HT3 antagonist

pharmacologic antagonits. blocks chemoreceptor trigger zone and enteric nervous system 5-HT3 receptors

AE: QT prolongation, possible arrhythmias

Question 19

Tegaserod

Answer 19

5-HT4 partial agonist

Used in constipation-dominant, irirtibale bowel syndrome (restricted use)

AE: diarrhea, ischemic colitis

Question 20

Ergotamine

Answer 20

Partial agonist at 5 HT and alpha adrenoceptors, especially in blood vessels

Used in migraine and cluster headache

AE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, severe constripation

Question 21

Ergonovine

Answer 21

partial agonist at 5HT and alpha adrenoceptors, especially in uterus

Used in postpartum bleeding

Question 22

_____and _____ both caused marked increase in capillary permeability, often associated with edema, but hsitamine is not a peptide

Answer 22

Histamine and bradykinin

Question 23

_____ is potent arterial vasodialtor and venoconstrictor

Answer 23

Susbtance P

Question 24

_____is an atrial and brain peptide found in increased amount in heart failure

Answer 24

BNP

Question 25

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_an endothelin antagonist, is used in pulmonary hypertension

Answer 25

macitenan

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_can be used topically to deplete substance P stores from sensory nerves

Answer 26

Capsaicin

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_octapeptide, increases when blood volume decreases because the compensatory response causes an increase in renin secretion

Answer 27

AT II

Question 28

\_\_\_\_\_\_ increases because the enzyme inhibited by captopril, angitensin converting enzyme

Answer 28

bradykinin

Question 29

Aliskerin

Answer 29

Renin inhibitor. Reduces angiotensin I and II and aldosterone secretion used in hypertension AE: angioedema. renal impairment

Question 30

Ecallantide

Answer 30

Kinin anatagonist Kallikrein inhibitor. reduces bradykinin levels Used in hereditary angioedema AE: hypersensitivity reactions

Question 31

Icatibant

Answer 31

B2 bradykininreceptor blocker used in hereditary angioedema AE: hepatic toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions

Question 32

Nesitiride

Answer 32

BNP receptor agonist

Question 33

Sacubitril

Answer 33

Neprilysin inhibitor

Question 34

Bosentan and macitentan

Answer 34

ETA and ETB receptor antagonist used in pulmonary hypertension AE: hepatic impairment

Question 35

Aprepitant

Answer 35

Tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist used in antiemetic for chemotherapy induced vomiting

Question 36

Capsaicin

Answer 36

Releases substance P from nerve endings

Question 37

misoprostol is a _____ analog

Answer 37

PGE1

Question 38

Aspirin blocks \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 38

cyclooxygenase

Question 39

Prostacyclin causes _________________ and may be used in pulmonary hypertension

Answer 39

vasodilation

Question 40

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ complains severe dysmenorrhea, a uterine stimulant

Answer 40

Prostaglandin PGF 2a

Question 41

Leukotriene C ans D series are major eicosanoid components of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 41

SRS-A

Question 42

Blocks the synthesis of leukotrienes.

Answer 42

Zileuton

Question 43

LTB4

Answer 43

Chemotactic factor in inflammation

Question 44

LTC4 and LTD4

Answer 44

Bronchonstrictors importantn in anaphylaxus, asthma

Question 45

Montelukas/Zafrilukast

Answer 45

Block CysLT1 receptor. reduce bronchonstriction in asthma used in asthma prophylaxis

Question 46

An NO-containing molecule that releases nitric oxide in the blood is

Answer 46

Citrulline

Question 47

The inducible isoform of nitric oxidase synthase (iNOS, isoform 2 ) is found primarily in

Answer 47

MArcophages

Question 48

The primary endogenous substrate for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is

Answer 48

Arginine

Question 49

Endogenous inhibitor/inactivator of nitric oxide

Answer 49

Hemoglobin

Question 50

The inducible form of NOS is associated with

Answer 50

inflammation

Question 51

Nitric oxide oxide gas

Answer 51

Activates guanylyl cyclase, icnreases cGMP synthesis causes smooth muscle relaxation used in Pulmonary hypertension AE: excessive hypotension, methemoglobinemia, conversion to nitrogen dioxide (pulmoanry irritant)

Question 52

Nitric Oxide synthase activators

Answer 52

Acetylcholine, histamine Increased IP3 will icnrease increased intraceelular calcium that activates NOS, resulting in conversion of arginine to citrulline plus NO