miscellaneous Flashcards
what happens in bone marrow failure?
anaemia
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
signs of anaemia
tired, pale, SOB, chest pain, cant concentrate
signs of neutropenia
infections- gram negative look out for!!!
signs of thrombocytopenia
bleeding
purpura
petechiae
what causes a polyclonal increase in immuniglobulins>
infection
autoimmune
malignancy
liver disease
what causes a monoclonal increase in immunoglobulin?
B cell disorder
paraprotein released!!
congo red stain on biopsy
amyloidosis
apple green birefringence under polarised light
amyloidosis
IgM paraprotein
Waldenstroms’s macroglobinaemia
what are atypical lymphocytes?
they are larger than normal as have more cytoplasm and they almost wrap around the surrounding red blood cells
what viruses cause atypical lymphocytes?
EBV
hepatits
HIV
cytomegalovirus
causes of leucoerthyroblastic film appearance
marrow infiltration myeloma myelofibrosis osteoporosis lymphoma
nucleated red and white cell precursors are found in the blood
what is myelodyplasia ?
when bone marrow makes abnormal cells which spill out into blood stream
tear drop poikilocytes
myelofibrosis
test for hereditary spherocytosis
osmotic fragility test
