miscellaneous Flashcards
how many couples on average suffer from infertility
15%
on bimanual palpation you can assess..?
size shape motility position cervical motion tenderness
anteriorly bounded by pubic symphysis, laterally by iliopectinal lines and posteriorly by sacral promitory
pelvic inlet
bounded anteriorly by pubic arch, laterally by ischial tuberosites and coccyx posterioly
pelvic outlet
when is the LH surge
24-36 hours before ovulation
a couple where the man has had a vasectomy 3 years ago…what do to?
surgical sperm retrieval and ICSI
oligoasthenospermia
low count and mobility
teratoasthenospermia
low mobility and abnormal forms
a couple with 5 year history of unexplained infertility
IVF
what is the most effective method of emergecny contraception
copper coil
is vasectomty reversal carried out by NHS?
not anymore
most important risk factor or gender bases violence
being female
what % of gay /lesbian suffer from mental health issues
40%
65% for transgender
what contraception confers best efficacy in an otherwise fit and healthy 24 year old
the implant
what does the procedure of a vasectomy need?
division of vas deferens plus fascial interpositon
can HIV testing be done on a saliva sample
yes
does a HIV test have any effect on a persons insurance companies
no
what is the preferred test for chlamyidia in an aymptomatic female?
first pass urine for NAAT
what is given to reduce the risk of developing pre-eclampsia?
low dose aspirin
what is used to predict induction of labour?
Bishop’s score
score of 5 or less means its less likely to start without induction
what is the first step if there is chickenpox exposure in pregnancy?
check antibodies
intense itch
no rash
jaundice
increased bilirubin
cholestasis of pregnancy
1st degree perianal tear
in vag mucosa only
2nd degree perianal tear
into subcutaneous tissue
3rd degree perianal tear
extends into external anal sphincter
4th degree perianal tear
laceration through anal sphincter and into rectal mucosa
what is involved in the down syndrome combined test
USS for nuchal translucency
Bloods for beta- human chorionic gonadotrophin
from when can you see meconium in the liquor
From 32 weeks onwards
if earlier this could be a sign of fetal distress
what is adequate uterine activity?
4 contractions in 10mins
why is folic acid good in pregnany?
prevents neural tube defects
how much folic acid should a pregnant woman take?
400mcg a day from trying to conceive until 12 weeks into pregnancy
may need higher dose 5mg if diabetic, epileptic, previous history of neural tub defect or previous preg with other defect
first line for high BP on pregnancy?
labetalol
what can you give for heart burn in pregnancy
antacids and aliginates
visceral afferent fibres to T11-L2 carry pain from where?
uterus
landmark for pudenal nerve block
ischial spine
what muscle contributes to the pelvic diaphragm
levator ani
what are the ischio-anal fossaw normally filled with
fat
what is the second stage of labour
begins with full dilation of cervix and ends with complete delivery of baby
what is the length of time it takes for tissues to return tp normal state following child birth?
6 weeks
painless recurrent bleeds in 3rd trimester
placenta previa
what are all these associated with?
dysplastic kidneys
ventricular septal defect
micrognathia and smooth philtrum
microcephaly
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
what is the normal blood loss in labour
500ml
following labour, what are the classic signs to indicate placental separation?
uterus contracts and hardens and rises
increase length of umbilical cord is visible at intoitus
gush of blood appears
feeling of fullness in vagina
sudden abo pain in 3rd trimester
codl to touch
bleeding (in most cases)
tender uterus
placental abruption
what is amniotic fluid embolism?
when fetal cells/ amniotic fluid enters mothers blood stream and stimulates a reaction
chills, shivering, sweating, anxiety, cough, cyanosis, tachypnoea, hypotension, bronchospasm
name some drugs to be avoided in breast feeding?
lithium benzos aspirin amiodarone cirpofloxacin, tetracycliine carbimazole sulphonylureas
ascending bacterial infection of fluid/ membrane/placenta
life threatening to mother and baby
chorioamnionitis
true or false
in pregnancy, the volume of drug distribution is increased by changes in plasma volume and fat stores
true
sudden need to pee with difficulty deferring and potentially associated incontinence
overactive bladder
name some risk factors for pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy
increased BMI before pregnancy
history of low back pain/ pelvic trauma
hard physical job/ poor work ergonomics
PAP in last pregnancy
neccessary to oxygenate the fetal venous return using the night ventricle
ductus arteriosus
fluid in the fetal lung before birth is mostly made by..?
The fetal lung
what is screened for in new borns
hypothyroidism
congenital dislocation of the hip
hearing loss
PKU
