microbiology

Question 1

what organism predominates in the healthy vagina

Answer 1

lactobacillus spp

also strep B and viridans
and candida

Question 2

other name for candida infection?

Answer 2

vaginal thrush

Question 3

predisposing factors for candida infection?

Answer 3

recent antibiotics treatment
high oestrogen level ( pill pregnancy)
poorly controlled diabetes
immunocompromised patients

Question 4

how does candida normally present

Answer 4

intense itch
white vaginal discharge

red vagina

Question 5

most candida infecctions are caused by what?

Answer 5

candida albicans

Question 6

how do you diagnose thrush?

Answer 6

clinical diagnosis

can do high vaginal swab for culture

Question 7

how do you treat candida

Answer 7

topical clotrimazole cream or pessary

oral fluconazole

Question 8

symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

Answer 8

thin water fishy smelling discharge

Question 9

what tends to cause bacterial vaginosis

Answer 9

Gardnerella vaginalis/ Mobiluncus sp

Question 10

is pH raised or low in bacterial vaginosis

Answer 10

high (> 4.5)

Question 11

what lab tests is there for bacterial vaginosis

Answer 11

high vaginal swab can be taken and sent lab and excamined

CLUE CELLS present

Question 12

how do you treat bacterial vaginosis

Answer 12

oral metronidazole

Question 13

what is acute bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 13

similar symptoms to UTI in men. but may have lower abdo pain, perineal/penile pain

tender prostate in examination

Question 14

how do you treat bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 14

ciprofloxacin for 28 days

or trimethoprim

Question 15

most common STI in UK?

Answer 15

chlamydia

Question 16

what does chlamydia infect?

Answer 16

urethra, eyes, throat, rectum, endocervix

Question 17

what doesnt it stain with gram stain

Answer 17

does stain because so peptidoglycan in wall

Question 18

how do you treat chlamydia

Answer 18

azithomycin

Question 19

what does gonorhhoeae infect?

Answer 19

urethra, eyes, throat, rectum, endocervix

Question 20

how would you describe neisseria gonorrhoee

Answer 20

gram negative intracellular diplococcus

looks like 2 kidney beans facing each other

Question 21

how do you diagnosis clamydia and /or gonorrhoeaa

Answer 21

in males - first pass urine for nucleic acid amplififcation tests (NAATs) and/ or PCR

in females- high vaginla swan or vulvo vaginal swab or endocervical swab

also rectal and throat swabs

and eye swabs

Question 22

how do you treat gonorrhoea?

Answer 22

IM ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin

Question 23

what causes syphilis?

Answer 23

Treponema pallidum

Question 24

does treponema stain with gram stain?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

how do you diagnose syphilis?

Answer 25

PCR and antibodies to T. pallidum in blood

also IgG IgM

Question 26

how do you treat symphilis?

Answer 26

penicllin!! injecting prepartions can be made

Question 27

most common viral STI?

Answer 27

genital warts

Question 28

what causes genital warts?

Answer 28

HPV

Question 29

how do you treat genital warts?

Answer 29

cryotherapy

podophyllotoxin cream/lotion

Question 30

what causes genital herpes?

Answer 30

herpes simplex virus type 1 (also causes cold sores) and type 2

Question 31

how do you diagnose genital herpes?

Answer 31

swab a blister for PCR

Question 32

how do you treat genital herpes

Answer 32

aciclovir

pain relief

Question 33

what is trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 33

a single celled protozoal parasite

causes vag discharge and irriation in females

Question 34

how do you treat trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 34

oral metronidazole

Question 35

how do you treat pubic lice?

Answer 35

malathion lotion