bleeding in early pregnancy Flashcards
what is a spontaneous miscarriage
expulsion or removal of the products of conception prior to 24 weeks of gestation
the most common cause of bleeding in early pregnancy
what is a threatened miscarriage
no pain bleeding not profuse cervix is closed family history positive uterus = gestaional age
what is an inevitable miscarriage
similar to incomplete
family history
what is incomplete miscarriage
lower abdo pain heavy vaginal bleeding with clots/ tissue shock tenderness cervix open negative fam history POC might be present
what is a complete miscarriage
history similar to incomplete abortion follwed by cessation of bleeding
uterus< gestational age
cervix closed
no family history
what is a septic miscarrage
infection following a miscarriage
what can cause a miscarriage?
abnormal conceptus- chromosome/ genetic issue
uterine- fibroids, incomplete cervix, uterine septae, bicornuate uterus
acquired disease- infections, listeria, influenza, hypertension, real disease, diabetes, thyroid problems
toxins- alcohol, smoking, chemo, anaesthetic gases
immune- antiphospholipd syndrome
trauma- sex, abdominal surgery
foreign body- the coil
psych- stress, anxiety
investigations for miscarriage
haemoglobin blood group and RH typing beta- hCG preg test and serum ECS and culture USS
treatment of threatened miscarriage
ressure and rest
avoid sex
treatment of inevitable miscarriage?
allow uterus to evacuate itself
pain relief
evacuation of uterus
treatment of incomplete miscarriage
blood transfusion if shock oxytoxic removal of POC evacuation of uterus biannual compression
treatment of complete miscarriage
conservation management
treatment of septic misscarriage
resus if shock
antibiotics
evacuation of uterus
what is an ectopic preganacy
implantation of conceptus outside uterine cavity
features of ectopic pregnancy
amenorrhoea
lower abdo pain
vaginal bleeding
