breast pathology Flashcards
imagine used in breast assessment
mammography
USS
MRI
what is gynaecomastia
breast development in the male
ductal growth without lobular devlopment
what causes gynaecomastia
hormones
cannabis
prescription drugs
liver disease
presentation of fibrocystic change
smooth discrete lumps sudden pain cyclical pain lumpiness incidental finding screening
what are the cysts like in fibrocystic change
blue domed with pale fluid
usually multiple
associated with other benign changes
usually lined with apocrine cells
management of fibrocystic change
rule out malignancy
reassure
excise if necessary
what is a hamartoma
circumscribed lesion composed of cell types normal to the breast but present in an abnormal proportion or distribution
what is a fibroadenoma like>
painless firm discrete mobile mass
moves away from examining fingers
rubbery
grey -white colour
peak incidence in 3rd decade
can grow quite fast if on the pill or become pregnant
what is sclerosing adenosis like
pain, tenderness, lumpiness/thickening
benign
how are radial scars detected
by mammogram
can mimic carcinoma
how to treat a radial scar
sample by vacuum biopsy
what causes fat necrosis
local trauma e.g seatbelt injury
warfarin history
clinical features of duct ectasia
affects sub-areolar ducts pain acute inflamm changes bloody and or purulent discharge fistulation nipple retraction and distortion
associated with smoking
what are the 2 main causes of acute mastitis/ abscess
duct ectasia
lactation
