cancer and tumours

Question 1

vulval squamous cell carcinoma occurs mainly in females of what age?

Answer 1

60 years and above

Question 2

is there a high incidence of associated CIN with vulval squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

might vulval squamous cell carcinoma spread to groin lymph nodes

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

how does vulval squamous cell carcinoma normally present

Answer 4

with a raised rolled edge and central ulceration

Question 5

what info do need for taking an endometrial biopsy?

Answer 5

age of patient
date of last period
pattern of bleeding
if on hormonal therapy

Question 6

what is the age range for cervical screening

Answer 6

25-64

Question 7

normal epithelium of ectocervix?

Answer 7

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

normal epithelium of endocervix

Answer 8

columnar glandular epithelium

Question 9

what is the transformations zone in the cervix

Answer 9

the squamo-columnar junction

Question 10

what can alter the position of the transformation zone

Answer 10

menarche
pregnancy
menopause

Question 11

this is the pre- invasive stage of cervical cancer and occurs at the transformations zone

it is detectable on cervical screening

Answer 11

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

Question 12

what are the 2 types of cervical cancer?

Answer 12

squamous carcinoma (more common and from CIN)

adenocarcinoma (worse prognosis and from CGIN)

Question 13

symptoms of cervical cancer

Answer 13

abnormal bleeding- post sex, post menopause
pelvic pain
haematuria/UTI
ureteric obstruction/ renal failure

Question 14

intraepidermal lesion

crusting rash

Answer 14

vulvar pagets disease

Question 15

most common vaginal cancer

Answer 15

squamous cell carcinoma