HIV

Question 1

what does HIV cause?

Answer 1

AIDS

Question 2

what type of virus is HIV?

Answer 2

retrovirus

HIV 1

HIV 2- group M was responsible for global pandemic in 1981

Question 3

what is the target site for HIV?

Answer 3

CD4+ receptors

Question 4

what are CD4+ cells?

Answer 4

T helper lympcytes

Question 5

what do CD4+ cells do?

Answer 5

essential for adaptive immune respone

cytokine release
active cytotoxic T cellls
activate B cells

Question 6

effect of HIV on human immune system?

Answer 6

reduced circulating CD4+ cells
reduced activation of cytotoxic T cells
reduced antibody class switching
chronic immune activation

makes us more susceptibale to INFECTION!!

Question 7

normal CD4_ conc?

Answer 7

500-1600 cell/mm3

Question 8

average time to death without treatment?

Answer 8

9-11 years

Question 9

describe the symptoms of primary HIV infection

Answer 9

usually appear 2-4 weeks after infection

fever
rash (maculopapular)
myalgia
pharyngitis
headache/ septic meningitis

Question 10

what is an opportunistic infection?

Answer 10

an infection caused by a pathogen that doesnt normally cause infection in a healthy human

Question 11

what type of pneumonia is more common in those with HIV?

Answer 11

pneumocystitis pneumonia

caused by pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 12

name some disease which are more common in thosew with HIV?

Answer 12

TB
cerebral toxoplasmosis
cytomegalovirus
skin infections- herpes simplex and zoster, HPV
neurocognitive impairement
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopthy

Question 13

name some HIV/AIDS related cancer?

Answer 13

kaposi’s sarcoma
Non- hodgkins lymphoma
cervical cancer- caused by HPV

Question 14

how can HIV be transmitted?

Answer 14

sexually
mother to child
Iv drugs
infected blood products

Question 15

who is at higehr risk of getting HIV?

Answer 15

males shagging males
female who has a bisexual partner
IV drug abusers
partners of those with HIV

Question 16

what are the main things to consider in the management plan of HIV?

Answer 16

staging the infection
prophylaxis of opportunistic infection
psycho/emotional support
edcuation
HIV treatment
mode of acquisition
STI screen
notify partner
prevention of transmission

Question 17

what prevention strategies are there to date?

Answer 17

treatment of herpes
needle exchange
test and treat STI
condom programmes
behaviour change interventions
circumcision
treatment as prevention
PREP