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gi tract - year one > minor ailments of the mouth > Flashcards

minor ailments of the mouth Flashcards

1
Q

what is xerostomia

A

dry mouth

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2
Q

what causes dry mouth

A

medication, anxiety, dehydration

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3
Q

symptoms of dry mouth

A

discomfort, halitosis, tooth decay

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4
Q

treatment of dry mouth

A

sugar free sweets/gum, drinking

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5
Q

when to refer dry mouth

A

severe case, medication, unknown cause, difficulty swallowing

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6
Q

how to prevent dry mouth

A

good oral hygiene to protect teeth

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7
Q

what is halitosis

A

bad breath

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8
Q

what causes halitosis

A
  • dental or other health problems
  • foods
  • poor oral hygiene
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9
Q

symptoms of halitosis

A

unpleasant odour

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10
Q

treatment of halitosis

A
  • dental check up
  • advice
  • antiseptic mouthwash (chlorhexidine)
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11
Q

when to refer for halitosis

A

when origin is unknown

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12
Q

how to prevent halitosis

A
  • improve oral hygiene
  • avoid certain foods
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13
Q

what causes gingivitis

A
  • plaque
  • smoking
  • diabetes
  • medicines
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14
Q

symptoms of gingivitis

A
  • swollen gums
  • sore
  • bleeding while brushing
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15
Q

treatment of gingivitis

A
  • increase oral hygiene
  • dental checks
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16
Q

when to refer for gingivitis

A
  • bleeding
  • foul taste
  • severe symptoms
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17
Q

how to prevent gingivitis

A
  • brushing/flossing
  • mouthwash
  • smoking cessation
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18
Q

what are dental caries

A

tooth decay

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19
Q

what causes dental caries

A
  • plaque
  • damage
  • sugary foods
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20
Q

symptoms of dental caries

A
  • toothache
  • pain (hot and cold food/drinks)
  • discolouration
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21
Q

how to treat dental caries

A

dentist

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22
Q

when to refer for dental caries

A

all require dental treatment

23
Q

how to prevent dental caries

A

diet
hygiene

24
Q

what causes mouth ulcers

A

usually unclear, could be
- stress
- injury
- foods
- trauma
- genes
- deficiencies

25
Q

symptoms of mouth ulcers

A

small painful sores on tongue, inside of cheeks or inner surface of lips

26
Q

treatment of mouth ulcers

A
  • analgesic
  • mouthwash
27
Q

when to refer for mouth ulcers (age wise)

A

children under 10
adults over 40

28
Q

how to prevent mouth ulcers

A
  • oral hygiene
  • soft tooth brush
  • avoid trigger foods
29
Q

characteristics of minor aphthous ulcers

A
  • crops of 1-5
  • small (under 1cm)
  • lasts 7-14 days
  • round, grey white, red rim
  • mild pain (+)

REFER if > 14 days

30
Q

characteristics of major aphthous ulcers

A
  • crops of 6+
  • large ≥ 1cm
  • lasts 14-40 days
  • round or ovoid
  • pain levels are ++

ALWAYS REFER

31
Q

characteristics of herpetiform ulcers

A
  • large crops
  • pinpoint size
  • lasts longer than 10 days
  • small, irregular, pale
  • pain levels are +++

ALWAYS REFER

32
Q

characteristics of other pathology

A
  • only one area
  • large (>1cm)
  • duration varies
  • irregular shape
  • painless

ALWAYS REFER

33
Q

what is oral candidiasis

A

thrush

34
Q

causes of oral thrush

A
  • medications
  • dentures
  • diabetes
  • smoking
35
Q

symptoms of oral thrush

A
  • white
  • irregularly shaped patches
  • soreness
  • altered taste
  • burning tongue
36
Q

how to treat oral thrush

A

miconazole

37
Q

when to refer for oral thrush

A
  • when 3/52
  • pain
  • no risk factors
  • diabetics
  • severe
  • tx failure
  • immunocompromised
38
Q

how to prevent oral thrush

A
  • hygiene (dentures)
  • smoking cessation
  • sterilising bottles
39
Q

what advice to give on brushing

A
  • twice daily, last thing at night
  • fluoride or specialist toothpaste
  • correct technique
  • flossing
  • mouthwash
  • dental checks
40
Q

danger symptoms of oral health (ALWAYS REFER)

A
  • pain
  • bleeding
  • swallowing difficulties
  • dental treatment required
  • excessive duration of condition
  • medications implicated
41
Q

symptoms of cold sores

A
  • highly contagious
  • presents as blisters around mouth and/or nose
  • caused by herpes virus
42
Q

how long does untreated cold sores last

A

7-10 days

43
Q

common causes of cold sores

A
  • stress
  • fatigue
  • UV light
  • reduced resistance following illness
44
Q

how can cold sores be spread

A

direct touch, kissing, sharing towels etc

45
Q

what are the 4 stages of cold sores

A
  • tingle stage
  • blister stage
  • weeping stage
  • scab stage
46
Q

what happens in the tingle stage

A

tingle/itch around mouth or nose

47
Q

what happens in the blister stage of cold sores

A

small raised blotch which swells and forms a blister

48
Q

what happens in the weeping stage of cold sores

A

blisters collapse and join together to form a large weeping sore

49
Q

what happens in the scab stage of cold sores

A

scab forms and later falls off

50
Q

how to treat coldsores

A
  • antiviral cream (apply when first tingle is felt)
  • povidone iodine pain (stains skin)

Other
- antiseptics/antibacs
- local anaesthetic for pain
- emollients to soothe dry/cracked skin

51
Q

should steroid cream be used for cold sores

A

NO

52
Q

when to refer for cold sores

A

if very frequent sufferers

53
Q

impetigo

A

red sores with yellow blisters

gi tract - year one (25 decks)

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