minor ailments of the mouth Flashcards

1
Q

what is xerostomia

A

dry mouth

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2
Q

what causes dry mouth

A

medication, anxiety, dehydration

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3
Q

symptoms of dry mouth

A

discomfort, halitosis, tooth decay

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4
Q

treatment of dry mouth

A

sugar free sweets/gum, drinking

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5
Q

when to refer dry mouth

A

severe case, medication, unknown cause, difficulty swallowing

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6
Q

how to prevent dry mouth

A

good oral hygiene to protect teeth

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7
Q

what is halitosis

A

bad breath

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8
Q

what causes halitosis

A
  • dental or other health problems
  • foods
  • poor oral hygiene
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9
Q

symptoms of halitosis

A

unpleasant odour

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10
Q

treatment of halitosis

A
  • dental check up
  • advice
  • antiseptic mouthwash (chlorhexidine)
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11
Q

when to refer for halitosis

A

when origin is unknown

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12
Q

how to prevent halitosis

A
  • improve oral hygiene
  • avoid certain foods
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13
Q

what causes gingivitis

A
  • plaque
  • smoking
  • diabetes
  • medicines
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14
Q

symptoms of gingivitis

A
  • swollen gums
  • sore
  • bleeding while brushing
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15
Q

treatment of gingivitis

A
  • increase oral hygiene
  • dental checks
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16
Q

when to refer for gingivitis

A
  • bleeding
  • foul taste
  • severe symptoms
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17
Q

how to prevent gingivitis

A
  • brushing/flossing
  • mouthwash
  • smoking cessation
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18
Q

what are dental caries

A

tooth decay

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19
Q

what causes dental caries

A
  • plaque
  • damage
  • sugary foods
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20
Q

symptoms of dental caries

A
  • toothache
  • pain (hot and cold food/drinks)
  • discolouration
21
Q

how to treat dental caries

22
Q

when to refer for dental caries

A

all require dental treatment

23
Q

how to prevent dental caries

A

diet
hygiene

24
Q

what causes mouth ulcers

A

usually unclear, could be
- stress
- injury
- foods
- trauma
- genes
- deficiencies

25
symptoms of mouth ulcers
small painful sores on tongue, inside of cheeks or inner surface of lips
26
treatment of mouth ulcers
- analgesic - mouthwash
27
how to prevent mouth ulcers
- oral hygiene - soft tooth brush - avoid trigger foods
28
what is oral candidiasis
thrush
29
causes of oral thrush
- medications - dentures - diabetes - smoking
30
symptoms of oral thrush
- white - irregularly shaped patches - soreness - altered taste - burning tongue
31
how to treat oral thrush
miconazole
32
when to refer for oral thrush
- 3 weeks - pain - no risk factors - diabetics - severe - immunocompromised
33
how to prevent oral thrush
- hygiene (dentures) - smoking cessation - sterilising bottles (babies)
34
what advice to give on brushing
- twice daily, last thing at night - fluoride or specialist toothpaste - correct technique - flossing - mouthwash - dental checks
35
danger symptoms of oral health (ALWAYS REFER)
- pain - bleeding - swallowing difficulties - dental treatment required - excessive duration of condition - medications implicated
36
symptoms of cold sores
- highly contagious - presents as blisters around mouth and/or nose - caused by herpes virus
37
how long does untreated cold sores last
7-10 days
38
common causes of cold sores
- stress - fatigue - UV light - reduced resistance following illness
39
how can cold sores be spread
direct touch, kissing, sharing towels etc
40
what are the 4 stages of cold sores
- tingle stage - blister stage - weeping stage - scab stage
41
what happens in the tingle stage
tingle/itch around mouth or nose
42
what happens in the blister stage of cold sores
small raised blotch which swells and forms a blister
43
what happens in the weeping stage of cold sores
blisters collapse and join together to form a large weeping sore
44
what happens in the scab stage of cold sores
scab forms and later falls off
45
how to treat coldsores
- antiviral cream (apply when first tingle is felt) - povidone iodine pain (stains skin) Other - antiseptics/antibacs - local anaesthetic for pain - emollients to soothe dry/cracked skin
46
should steroid cream be used for cold sores
NO
47
when to refer for cold sores
if very frequent sufferers
48
impetigo
red sores with yellow blisters