electrolytes Flashcards
what are electrolytes
minerals in the body that have an electric charge
where are electrolytes found
in blood, urine, tissues and other bodily fluids
what do electrolytes do
- maintain homeostasis
- ensure healthy functioning of nerves, muscles, heart and brain
how do electrolytes maintain homeostasis
by balancing water content and the body’s acid/base (pH) level
how are electrolytes obtained
from a balanced diet
what is homeostasis
a process that by which an organism keeps its internal environment relatively constant and different from its external environment to stay alive
is the concentrations of ions the same inside and out the cell
no
how is ion concentration maintained
the cell must import and export some substances
is sodium higher extracellularly or intracellularly
extracellularly
is potassium higher extracellularly or intracellularly
intracellularly
what is the plasma membrane
a selectively permeable barrier between the extracellular environment and the cytosol
what determines distribution between intra- and extra-VASCULAR components
it is determined osmotically by proteins
what determines the distribution between intra- and extra-CELLULAR components
electrolytes
is fluid output and input ideally balanced or unbalanced
balanced
where is renin produced
in the kidneys
what is renin produced in response to
sympathetic stimulation and altered blood flow
what does renin do
converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
what is angiotensin I converted to
its converted to angiotensin II in the lungs by enzyme ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)
what does the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II stimulate
the adrenal cortex to produce aldosterone
what does aldosterone do
it activates the pump in the distal renal tubule which leads to reabsorption of Na+ and water from the urine in exchange for K+ and H+ ions
what mainly controls water balance
Na+
what does increased plasma (Na+) cause
thirst which causes release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
where is the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) produced from
the posterior pituitary
what does release of ADH cause
it increases the passive water reabsorption from renal collecting ducts
