buccal drug delivery

Question 1

what separates the mouth and the nasal cavity

Answer 1

the palate

Question 2

what is the buccal cavity

Answer 2

the first organ of the digestive system including the teeth, tongue and salivary glands

Question 3

where is the gingival tissue located and how thick is it

Answer 3

in the gums, 0.2mm

Question 4

where is palatal tissue found and how thick is it

Answer 4

roof of mouth and 0.25mm

Question 5

what type of tissue is palatal and gingival tissue

Answer 5

keratinised/non polar

Question 6

where is buccal tissue found and how thick is it

Answer 6

cheek, upper and lower lip, 0.55mm

Question 7

where is sublingual tissue found and how thick is it

Answer 7

frenulum and floor of mouth, 0.15mm

Question 8

what type of tissue is sublingual and buccal tissue

Answer 8

nonkeratinised/polar

Question 9

what is a major barrier to buccal delivery

Answer 9

oral muscosa

Question 10

where can buccal drugs be delivered through

Answer 10

1. sublingual membrane
2. buccal membrane
3. topical delivery from a tablet retained within the mouth

Question 11

characteristics of sublingual membrane delivery

Answer 11

it is delivered under the tongue, very fast action

Question 12

characteristics of the buccal membrane

Answer 12

delivery from the cheek and lip cavity. slower action, better suited to control release

Question 13

does buccal or oral delivery work quicker

Answer 13

buccal

Question 14

what dictates the pharmacokinetic profile

Answer 14

the site of action and the formulation selected

Question 15

why is sublingual administration quicker

Answer 15

it is closer to the bloodstream

Question 16

what is first pass metabolism

Answer 16

when drugs are metabolised in the liver before they even reach the systemic circulation

Question 17

where are swallowed drugs absorbed

Answer 17

from the intestine

Question 18

how does the blood supply travel from the buccal cavity

Answer 18

it goes directly to systemic circulation and not via the liver and also avoid the blood brain barrier

Question 19

how does mucoadhesion work

Answer 19

the glue becomes tangled in the glycoprotein surface of the cells and bonds with glycoproteins

Question 20

what chemical interactions cause adsorption

Answer 20

electrostatic
hydrophobic
hydrogen bonding
van der Waals interactions

Question 21

advantages of buccal delivery

Answer 21

• Avoids first pass metabolism
• The convenient route and painless administration
• Facility to modulate the selection of excipients
• Versatility in the design of release systems for local or systemic action
• A predictable drug concentration in the blood
  Good patient compliance

Question 22

disadvantages of buccal delivery

Answer 22

• Need for taste masking – but risk of caries
• Eating, drinking, or smoking, can affect how the drug is absorbed and how well it works.
• Hazard of choking by involuntarily swallowing the tablet
• Potential for irritation of the gums

Question 23

when would the buccal route be used

Answer 23

during emergencies - anti sickness angina etc