introduction to medicine products (and pharmaceutics) Flashcards
what are the 3 pillars of pharmaceutics
- bio-physical-chemical properties of the DP and DS
- biopharmaceutical considerations
- patient centred, therapeutic consideration
characteristics of oral route
non sterile, ease of use. patient must be able to swallow
characteristics of rectal route
non sterile
characteristics of topical route
non sterile, ease of use
characteristics of injection
sterile (tight quality attributes)
characteristics of lungs, nasal, vaginal/urethral
ease of use
characteristics of eye drug delivery
sterile
onset of action of IV and IO
seconds
onset of action of IM, SC, buccal and lungs
minutes
onset of action of oral and topical
minutes to hours
onset of action of oral - controlled/sustained release
several hours
onset of action of implants/depot
days to weeks
volume and onset time of IV
various volume
30-60 seconds
volume and onset time of intramuscular (IM)
1-5ml
10-20 minutes
volume and onset time of sub-cutaneous
under 4ml
15-20 minutes
volume and onset time of intra-peritoneal (IP)
2-3ml
faster than SC
volume and onset time of intraosseous
varied
30-60 seconds
volume and onset time of intrathecal
1-5ml
depends on drug
what does low G mean
the system is stable
what does high g mean
the system is unstable
what is polymorphism
different intermolecular bonding in crystals
what are co-crystals
additional molecules in the crystal to reduce G
what are salt forms
like co-crystals but charge transfer
what is the factors of the solution state
- aquaeous conditions
- ionisation: weak acid, weak bases, pKa and pH
what does dm/dx mean in the Noye-Whitney equation
the dissolution rate
what does D mean in the Noye-Whitney equation
diffusion coefficient
what does A mean in the Noye-Whitney equation
surface area
what does Cs mean in the Noye-Whitney equation
its the saturation concentration
what does C mean in the Noye-Whitney equation
concentration
what does h mean in the Noye-Whitney equation
its the static layer width
factors that influence pharmaceutircs
- surface area
- partition coefficient
- stability: chemical, physical and biological
- organoleptic properties
- powder properties: flow, water sorption, mixability, compression
where does IV (intravenous) go into to
the vein
where does IO (intraosseaous) go to
the bone marrow
where does IM (intramuscular) go
into muscle
where does SC (subcutaneous) go
into the fatty tissue under skin
where does intra peritoneal go
into the peritoneum (body cavity)
