introduction to medicine products (and pharmaceutics)

Question 1

what are the 3 pillars of pharmaceutics

Answer 1

• bio-physical-chemical properties of the DP and DS
• biopharmaceutical considerations
• patient centred, therapeutic consideration

Question 2

characteristics of oral route

Answer 2

non sterile, ease of use. patient must be able to swallow

Question 3

characteristics of rectal route

Answer 3

non sterile

Question 4

characteristics of topical route

Answer 4

non sterile, ease of use

Question 5

characteristics of injection

Answer 5

sterile (tight quality attributes)

Question 6

characteristics of lungs, nasal, vaginal/urethral

Answer 6

ease of use

Question 7

characteristics of eye drug delivery

Answer 7

sterile

Question 8

onset of action of IV and IO

Answer 8

seconds

Question 9

onset of action of IM, SC, buccal and lungs

Answer 9

minutes

Question 10

onset of action of oral and topical

Answer 10

minutes to hours

Question 11

onset of action of oral - controlled/sustained release

Answer 11

several hours

Question 12

onset of action of implants/depot

Answer 12

days to weeks

Question 13

volume and onset time of IV

Answer 13

various volume
30-60 seconds

Question 14

volume and onset time of intramuscular (IM)

Answer 14

1-5ml
10-20 minutes

Question 15

volume and onset time of sub-cutaneous

Answer 15

under 4ml
15-20 minutes

Question 16

volume and onset time of intra-peritoneal (IP)

Answer 16

2-3ml
faster than SC

Question 17

volume and onset time of intraosseous

Answer 17

varied
30-60 seconds

Question 18

volume and onset time of intrathecal

Answer 18

1-5ml
depends on drug

Question 19

what does low G mean

Answer 19

the system is stable

Question 20

what does high g mean

Answer 20

the system is unstable

Question 21

what is polymorphism

Answer 21

different intermolecular bonding in crystals

Question 22

what are co-crystals

Answer 22

additional molecules in the crystal to reduce G

Question 23

what are salt forms

Answer 23

like co-crystals but charge transfer

Question 24

what is the factors of the solution state

Answer 24

• aquaeous conditions
• ionisation: weak acid, weak bases, pKa and pH

Question 25

what does dm/dx mean in the Noye-Whitney equation

Answer 25

the dissolution rate

Question 26

what does D mean in the Noye-Whitney equation

Answer 26

diffusion coefficient

Question 27

what does A mean in the Noye-Whitney equation

Answer 27

surface area

Question 28

what does Cs mean in the Noye-Whitney equation

Answer 28

its the saturation concentration

Question 29

what does C mean in the Noye-Whitney equation

Answer 29

concentration

Question 30

what does h mean in the Noye-Whitney equation

Answer 30

its the static layer width

Question 31

factors that influence pharmaceutircs

Answer 31

- surface area - partition coefficient - stability: chemical, physical and biological - organoleptic properties - powder properties: flow, water sorption, mixability, compression

Question 32

where does IV (intravenous) go into to

Answer 32

the vein

Question 33

where does IO (intraosseaous) go to

Answer 33

the bone marrow

Question 34

where does IM (intramuscular) go

Answer 34

into muscle

Question 35

where does SC (subcutaneous) go

Answer 35

into the fatty tissue under skin

Question 36

where does intra peritoneal go

Answer 36

into the peritoneum (body cavity)