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112 > Midterms | Tissues > Flashcards

Midterms | Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Groups of cells that has a common origin

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Carries out special activities

A

Tissues

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3
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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4
Q

Histo meaning

A

Tissue

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5
Q

Logy meaning

A

Study

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6
Q

Physiccians that specializes in cells and tissues

A

Pathologist

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7
Q

Term that means “diseases”

A

Patho

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8
Q

Term that refers to an individual who studies a specific concept

A

Logist

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9
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

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10
Q

Covers body surfaces and line hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts

A

Epithelial tissue

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11
Q

Forms the glands

A

Epithelial tissue

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12
Q

The epithelial tissue covers (1) and line (2), (3), and (4)

A
  1. body surfaces
  2. hollow organs
  3. body cavities
  4. ducts
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13
Q

Protects and supports the body

A

Connective tissue

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14
Q

Binds organs together

A

Connective tissue

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15
Q

Stores energy reserves as fats

A

Connective tissue

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16
Q

Helps in immunity

A

Connective tissue

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17
Q

Functions in contraction and generation of force

A

Muscle tissue

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18
Q

Generates heat for warmth

A

Muscle tissue

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19
Q

Muscle tissue: (1) and (2) of force; generates (3) for warmth

A
  1. contraction
  2. generation
  3. heat
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20
Q

Detects changes in and out of the body

A

Nervous tissue

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21
Q

Generates electric signals

A

Nervous tissue

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22
Q

What do nervous tissues generate?

A

Electric signals

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23
Q

Nerve action potential/ nerve impulses that activates muscular contractions and glandular secretions

A

Electric signals

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24
Q

Electric signals are (1)/(2) that activates (3) contractions and (4) secretions

A
  1. nerve action potential
  2. nerve impulses
  3. muscular
  4. glandular
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25
Q

Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells

A

Cell junctions

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26
Q

Types of cell junctions

A

Tight junctions
Adherens junctions
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Gap junctions

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27
Q

Made-up of web-like strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse together the outer surface

A

Tight junctions

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28
Q

Functions of tight junctions

A
  1. Seal off passageways b/n adjacent cells
  2. Inhibit passage of substances and prevent the contents of organs to leak into the surrounding tissues/ blood
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29
Q

Seal off passageways b/n adjacent cells

A

Tight junctions

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30
Q

Inhibit passage of substances and prevent the contents of organs to leak into the surrounding tissues/ blood

A

Tight junctions

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31
Q

Organs involved in tight junction

A

Stomach
Intestines
Urinary bladder

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32
Q

Contains plaque

A

Adherens junctions

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33
Q

Dense layer of protein (inside plasma membrane), attached to membrane proteins to microfilaments

A

Plaque

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34
Q

Resists separation during various contractile

A

Adherens juction

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35
Q

An example of this junction is when the food moves through the intestines

A

Adherens juction

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36
Q

Transmembrane glycolipids joins the cell

A

Cadherins

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37
Q

Extensive zones that encircle the cell

A

Adhesion belts

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38
Q

Desmosomes also contains — and — which are present in adherens juctions

A

plaque; cadherins

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39
Q

Where are desmosome plaques attached?

A

intermediate filaments

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40
Q

These extend to each cell’s desmosomes

A

Intermediate filaments

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41
Q

Function of desmosomes

A

Stability of cells

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42
Q

Organs involved in desmosomes

A

Epidermis
Cardiac muscle of the heart

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43
Q

Resembles desmosomes but do not link adjacent cells

A

Hemidesmosomes

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44
Q

Transmembrane glycoproteins are attached to the protein laminin

A

Integrins

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45
Q

Integrins: (1) are attached to the (2)

A
  1. Transmembrane glycoproteins
  2. protein laminin
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46
Q

Function of hemidesmosomes

A

Anchor cells to basement membranes

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47
Q

What are connexins?

A

membrane proteins

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48
Q

These form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons

A

Connexins

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49
Q

Connexins (membrane proteins) form tiny fluid-filled tunnels called —

A

connexons

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50
Q

3 functions of gap junctions:
1. Small molecules can be (1) from the (2) to another cell
2. Transfers (3)
3. Allows cells to (4)

A
  1. diffused
  2. cytosol
  3. nutrients and wastes
  4. communicate
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51
Q

They are arranged in continuous sheet

A

Epithelial tissue

52
Q

This forms covering and linings

A

Epithelial tissue

53
Q

3 functions of epithelial tissue
1. (1) barries that limit/aid (2) of substances
2. (3) surface release products
3. (4) that resist abrasion

A
  1. Selective
  2. transfer
  3. Secretory
  4. Protective barrier
54
Q

Other term for epithelial tissues

A

Epithilium

55
Q

Surfaces of the epithelial tissue

A

Apical (Free) Surface
Lateral Surface
Basal Surface
Basal Lamina
Reticular Lamina

56
Q

Top/ superficial layer of the epithelium

A

Apical (free) Surface

57
Q

Faces the body surface/ cavity/ lumen

A

Apical (Free) Surface

58
Q

Deepest layer of epithelium that is an chored to the basement membrane

A

Basal Surface

59
Q

Close to epithelial and secreted by epithelial cells

A

Basal Lamina

60
Q

Closer to connective tissue and contains collagen

A

Reticular Lamina

61
Q

Types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Covering and Lining Epihtelium
  2. Glandular Epithelium
62
Q

Outer covering of the skin and some internal organs

A

Covering and lining epithelium

63
Q

Forms the finner lining of the blood vessels, ducts, body cavities, interior of respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs

A

Covering and lining epithelium

64
Q

Secreting glands of the glandular epithelium

A

Thryoid gland
Adrenal gland
Sweat gland

65
Q

Types of covering and lining epithelium according to the arrangement of cells in layers

A

Simple Epithelium
Pseudostratified epithelium
Stratified epithelium

66
Q

Epithelium with a single layer

A

Simple epithelium

67
Q

Epithelium that functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, and absorption

A

Simple epithelium

68
Q

Appears to have multiple layers of cells because the cell nuclei lie at different levels

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

69
Q

Why does pseudostratified epithelium appears to have multiple layers of cells?

A

because the cell nuclei lie at different levels

70
Q

Epithelium that contains cilia

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

71
Q

Epithelium that consists of two or more layers of cells

A

Stratified epithelium

72
Q

Types of covering and lining epithelial tissue according to its cell shape

A

Squamous cell
Cuboidal cell
Columnar cell
Transitional cell

73
Q

flat and thin cell shape

A

Squamous cell

74
Q

Cell shape that function in passage

A

Squamous cell

75
Q

Tall and wide, cube/ hexagon cell shape

A

Cuboidal cell

76
Q

Compare and contrast cuboidal and columnar cells

A

Cuboidal cell are tall and wide, and can be cube/hexagon in shape. Columnar cells are taller and wide. Both contains microvilli for secretion and absorption. However, columnar cells also function for protection

77
Q

Changing cell shapes (squamous-cuboidal)

A

Transitional cell

78
Q

Cell shape that functions for distention/ stretching

A

Transitional cell

79
Q

Function of transitional cell

A

Distention/ stretching

80
Q

Function of glandular epithelium

A

Secretion

81
Q

Types of glandular epithelium

A

Exocrine
Endocrine

82
Q

Differentiate exocrine and endocrine

A

Endocrine secretes hormones within the body. Exocrine secretes products into ducts and multicellar cells

83
Q

Unicellular and multicellular cells

A

Exocrine glands

84
Q

Functional classifications of exocrine glands and their definitions

A

Merocrine glands: No part of the cell is detached
Apocrine glands: Top part of the cell is detached
Holocrine glands: Entire cell is detached

85
Q

Contains immature cells with name ending in ‘blasts’

A

Connective tissues

86
Q

Keyword for mature and immature cells

A

Mature: cyte
Immature: blasts

87
Q

Example of connective tissues

A

fibroblast

88
Q

Has extracellular matrix

A

Connective tissue

89
Q

2 classificatiosn of extracellular matrix

A

Ground substance
Fibers

90
Q

Types of cells under connective tissue

A

Fibroblasat
Macrophages
Plasma Cells
Mast Cells
Adipocytes
White blood cells

91
Q

flat cells that secrete fibers

A

fibroblast

92
Q

most numerous type of cells

A

fibroblast

93
Q

a type of WBC that arises from monocytes

A

macrophages

94
Q

they are irregular in shape and engulf bacteria and cellular debris (phagocytosis)

A

Macrophages

95
Q

Classifications of macrophages

A

Fixed macrophage
Wanering macrophage

96
Q

Develops from B lymphocyte (a WBC)

A

Plasma cells

97
Q

What WBC does plasma cells develops from?

A

B lymphocyte

98
Q

Secretes antibodies an dproteins

A

Plasma cells

99
Q

In what tracts are plasma cells present?

A

GI tract and respiratory tract

100
Q

Aside from the 2 tracts, where else can plasma cells be found?

A

Salivary galnd
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Red bone marrow

101
Q

These are abundant in blood vessel

A

Mast cells

102
Q

These produces histamine

A

Mast cells

103
Q

Differentiate histamine vs anti-histamine

A

Histamine are substances that dilate blood vessels while anti-histamine constrict blood vessels

104
Q

These store triglycerides

A

Adipocytes

105
Q

Where can adipicytes be found?

A

Skin
Hear
Kidneys

106
Q

Cells that migrate

A

WBCs

107
Q

Where are WBcs abundant?

A

Connective tissue

108
Q

Classification of ground substances

A

Fluid
Semifluid
Gelatinous
Calcified

109
Q

Supports cells, binds, sotres water, and provides a medium for exchange of substances b/n the blood and cells

A

Ground substances

110
Q

Classification of fibers

A

Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers

111
Q

These have elastic proprety and are plentiful in the skin, blood vessels, walls, and lung tissue

A

Elastic fibers

112
Q

Where are elastic fibers plentiful?

A

Skin
Blood
Vessels
Walls
Lung tissue

113
Q

Specific extracullar matrix that consists of collagen and function to provide support and strength

A

Elastic fibers

114
Q

Classifications of connective tissue

A

Embryonic tissue
Mature connectiv etissue
Cartilage
Bone tissue
Liquid connective tissue

115
Q

Other terms for muscular tissues

A

Muscle fibers or Myocytes

116
Q

Cell shape of muscular tissues

A

Elongated cell

117
Q

Typse of muscular fibers

A

Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle

118
Q

Description, location, and function of cardiac muscle

A

branched, striated fibers
heart wall
pump blood to all parts of the body

119
Q

Description, location, and function of smooth muscle

A

spindle-shaped; non striated
mostly organs
motion

120
Q

Description, location, and function of skeletal miscle

A

long, cylindrical striated fibers
attached to tendons
motion. posture, heat, production, protection

121
Q

Cells under nervous tissues

A

Neurons
Neuroglia

122
Q

Nerve cells

A

neurons

123
Q

Cells sensitive to stimuli

A

Neuroms

124
Q

Communication network of the body

A

neurons

125
Q

Parts of the neuron

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

126
Q

Supportive functions that facilitates the functioning of communication networks

A

Neuroglia

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