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112 > Cell/Plasma Membrane > Flashcards

Cell/Plasma Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

Basic structural framework

A

Lipid bilayer

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2
Q

The lipid bilayer is made up of 3 layers from lipid molecules namely

A

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Glycolipids

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3
Q

What percentage does each layers 3 layers of the lipid bilayers cover? and what are those made of?

A

Phospholipids: 75%; phosphorus
Cholesterol: 20%; steroid with hydroxyl group (OH)
Glycolipids: 5%; carbohdyrate group

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4
Q

What does amphipathic mean?

A

Amphipathic is having both sides of polar and nonpolar

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5
Q

Differentiate polar and nonpolar

A

Polar is the phosphate-containing head which is hdrophilic, while nonpolar is the 2 long fatty acid tails which are hydrophobic

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6
Q

Insterted among lipids in both layers of the membrane

A

Cholesterol molecule

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7
Q

Is the cholesterol molecule strongly or weakly amphipathic?

A

Weakly amphipathic because cholesteril molecule is made up of fat which is hydrophobic

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8
Q

This forms a polar head

A

glycolipid

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9
Q

Nonpolar tails in glycolipids

A

fattty acids

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10
Q

On which side do glycolipids appear?

A

On the side that faces the extracellular fluid

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11
Q

2 classifications of membrane proteins

A

Integral proteins
Peripheral proteins

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12
Q

Other term for integral proteins

A

Transmembrane protein

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13
Q

Embedded into the lipid bilayer

A

Intergral proteins

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14
Q

Span the entire lipid bilayer

A

Transmembrane protein

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15
Q

Proteins with carbohydrate that protrude to the extracellular fluid

A

Glycoproteins

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16
Q

Describe the composition of carbohydrate

A

Carbohydrates are oligosaccharides and chains of 2-60 monosaccharide

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17
Q

Extensive sugary coat that are hydrophilic and attracts fluid

A

Glycocalyx

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18
Q

Proteins that are not fully embedded in the membrane

A

Peripheral proteins

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19
Q

Where are peripheral proteins attched?

A

To the polar heads of membrane lipids/ integral proteins

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20
Q

Differentiate integral and peripheral proteins

A

Integral proteins are embedded into the lipid bilayer while peripheral proteins are not fully embedded in the membrane

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21
Q

Pores/ holes that function as passage of ions

A

Ion channel

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22
Q

Integral proteins that move polar substances from one side to another

A

Carriers/ Trasnportes

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23
Q

Integral proteins that serve as cellular recognition sites

A

Receptors

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24
Q

Receptors recognize and binds what specific types of molecules?

A

Ligands

24
Q

Integral proteins that catalyze specific chemical reaction

A

Enzymes

24
Q

These two often serve as cell-identity markers

A

Membrane glycoproteins and Glycolipids

24
Q

Integral proteins which anchor proteins in the plasma membrane of neighboring cells to another

A

Linkers

25
Q

These cell-identity markers enable cells to:
a. Recognize other cells (same kind) during (1)
b. Recognize and respond to (2) foreign cells

A
  1. tissue formation
  2. potentially dangerous
26
Q

5 General Functions of Peripheral Proteins
a. (1)
b. Anchor (2)
c. Participate in mechanical activities (3)
d. Change (4) in dividing
e. Attach cell to one another

A
  1. Support
  2. integral proteins
  3. movement of materials
  4. cell shape
27
Q

Allows the lipid bilayer to self-seal when punctured

A

Membrane fluidity

28
Q

Membrane fluidity enables movement of membrane components responsible for —

A

cellular process

29
Q

Permits passage of substances

A

Membrane permeability

30
Q

Membrane permeability criteria

A
  1. permeable to non-polar
  2. impermeable to large uncharged particle (solid substances)
  3. slightly permeable to water,
    urea, waste products (amino acid)
31
Q

This is how easily proteins and lipids carry out their environment in the cell membrane

A

Membrane fluidity

32
Q

Differentiate membrane fluidity and membrane permeability in terms of the entry of substances

A

Membrane fluidity: What goes in to the cell, comes out of the cell
Membrane permeablity: Only allows specific materials to enter and leave the cell

33
Q

Processes that transort materials in and out of cells

A

Passice Process
Active Process

34
Q

Movement of substance that do not require cellular energy (ATP)

A

Passive Process

35
Q

Processes under passive process

A

Diffusion (Simple and Facilitated)
Osmosis

36
Q

Movement of molecules/ions
due to the molecule’s kinetic energy

A

Diffusion

37
Q

Where are the 2 classifications of membrne proteins (Integral & Peripheral) located?

A

Plasma

38
Q

Passive movement of a
substance without the help of membrane transport protein

A

Simple diffusion

39
Q

Passive movement of a
substance through the channels or carriers

A

Facilitated diffusion

40
Q

Differentiate simple and facilitated diffusion

A

Simplke diffusion is the passive movement of a
substance without the help of membrane transport protein, while facilitated diffusion is the passive movement of a
substance through the channels or carriers

41
Q

Passive movement of water molecules from lower concentration to higher
concentration

A

Osmosis

42
Q

Types of active processes

A

Active transport
Transport in vesicles (Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Transcytosis)

43
Q

Cell expands energy; carriers

A

Active transport

44
Q

Differentiate primary from secondary active transport

A

Primary active transport is when energy comes from hydrolysis of ATP while secondary active transport is when energy is supplied by Sodium or Hydrogen concentration gradient

45
Q

Breakdown of water to produce ATP / energy

A

hydrolysis

46
Q

3 processes in the transport of vesicles

A

Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Transcytosis

47
Q

Movement of substance into a cell in vesicle

A

Endocytosis

48
Q

Types of endocytosis

A

Bulk-phase endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis

49
Q

Ligand-receptors triggers infolding of a clathrin-coated pit that forms a vesicle containing ligands

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

50
Q

“Cell eating”; engulfing of
pseudopods

A

Phagocytosis

51
Q

Example of a pseudopod

A

White blood cells

52
Q

“Cell drinking”; movement of extracellular fluid

A

Bulk-phase endocytosis

53
Q

Movement of substance out of the cell in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

A

Exocytosis

54
Q

Movement of substance as a result of endocytosis on one side and exocytosis on the
opposite side

A

Transcytosis

55
Q
A

112 (15 decks)

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