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112 > Cytoplasm > Flashcards

Cytoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

The cytoplasm is in between what?

A

Plasma membrane and nucleus

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2
Q

2 compartments of the cytoplasm

A
  1. Cytosol
  2. Organelles
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3
Q

Other term for cytosol

A

Intracellular fluid

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4
Q

What 55 of the total cell volume is the the cytosol?

A

55%

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5
Q

Site of chemical reaction in a cell’s existence

A

Cytosol

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6
Q

Building blocks for maintenance of cell structures and cell growth

A

Cytosol

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7
Q

Network of protein filaments

A

Cytoskeleton

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8
Q

Contributes to structure of organelles

A

Cytoskeleton

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9
Q

The cytoskeleton aids movement of (1) within the cell, of (2) during cell division, and of (3) such as phagocytes

A
  1. organelles
  2. chromosomes
  3. whole cells
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10
Q

Types of the cytoskeleton

A

Intermediate Filaments
Microfilaments
Microtubules

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11
Q

Thinnest element of the cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments

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12
Q

Composition of the microfilaments

A

Actin and Myosin

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13
Q

This helps generate movements and provides mechanical support (responsible for strangth and shapes)

A

Microfilaments

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14
Q

Non-motile, microscopic fingerlike projections

A

Microvilli

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15
Q

Thicker than filaments

A

Intermediate filaments

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16
Q

These are exceptionally strong, and are found on cells subject to stress

A

Intermediate filaments

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17
Q

These stabilize organelles and helps attach cells to one another

A

Intermediate filaments

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18
Q

Largest type of the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules

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19
Q

Describe microtubules

A

Long, unbranched hollow tubes

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20
Q

Composition of the microtubules

A

Protein, specifically insulin

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21
Q

These help determine the cell shape, and function in movement of organelles, cell division, and cell projections

A

Microtubules

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22
Q

Differentiate flagella from cilia

A

Flagella is the longer part of tha tail; Cilia is shorter and is part of the flagella

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23
Q

Specialized structures within the cell that have characteristic shapes, and performing specific functions

A

Organelles

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24
Q

Organelles have their own set of —

A

enzymes

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25
Q

Serves as functional compartment for biochemical processes

A

Organelles

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26
Q

Organelles halps maintain —

A

homeostasis

27
Q

Where is the centrosome located?

A

Near the nucleus

28
Q

Parts of the centrosome, its shape, and composition

A

Pair of centrioles
- cylindrical
- composition: 9 clusters of 3 microtubules arranged in circular pattern

Pericontriolar material
- ring-shaped
- composition: tubulin

29
Q

For growth of mitotic spindle

A

Pericentriolar Material

30
Q

Anchored in th ebasal body of the plasma membrane and function to move fluid along the cell’s surface

A

Cilia

31
Q

Moves in a forward motion and moves the entire cell

A

Flagella

32
Q

Ribosomes function as —

A

site of protein synthesis

33
Q

High content of ribonucleic acid, each one with 50 proteins

A

Ribosomes

34
Q

2 subunits of ribosomes

A

Large and small

35
Q

Where is the ribosome made?

A

Nucleolus

36
Q

3 areas where ribosomes are located/ can be released

A
  1. Outer membrane of the nuclear membrane and to the ER
  2. Free/ unatteached
  3. Mitochondria
37
Q

Network of membrane in a form of flattened sacs/ tubules

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

2 classifications of ER and differentiate

A
  1. Rough ER- has ribosomes; for processing and sorting
  2. Smooth ER: doesn’t have ribosomes; produce secretory proteins, membrane proteins, many organelle proteins
39
Q

What does the rough and smooth ER synthesize

A

Rough ER: Glycolipids and phospholipids
Smooth ER: Fatty acids and steroids (estrogen & progesterone)

40
Q

Transport pathway

A

Golgi complex

41
Q

3-20 cisternae/ cavities

A

Golgi complex

42
Q

Describe the Golgi complex

A

Small, flattened membranous sacs with bulging edges

43
Q

Modifies, sorts, packages and transport proteins received from the ROUGH ER

A

Golgi Complex

44
Q

Describe the lysosomes

A

Membrane-enclosed vesicles that form the Golgi complex

45
Q

Contains 60 kinds of powerful digestive and hydrolytic enzymes

A

Lysosomes

46
Q

Lysosomes digest subs that enter the cell via (1) and transport end products of digestion to the (2)

A
  1. Endocytosis
  2. Cytosol
47
Q

Differentiate autophagy from autolysis

A

Autophagy is the digestion of worn-out organelle
Autolysis is the digestion of the entire cell

48
Q

In autophagy, the organelle that will be digested will be enclosed in a membrane to create a vesicle

A

Autophagosome

49
Q

Other term for perixosomes

A

Microbodies

50
Q

Contains several oxidases that can oxidize various organic subs

A

Perixosomes

51
Q

Oxidizes alcohol

A

Perixosomes

52
Q

Without perixosomes, byproducts of metabolism could accumulate in the cell and result to —

A

cell death

53
Q

Tiny. barrel-shaped structure with 4 staced proteins around a central core

A

Proteasomes

54
Q

Funtion of the proteasome

A

Continuous destruction of unneeded, damed, or faulty proteins

55
Q

How does the proteasomes play a negative feedback?

A

By halting rhe pathway once the appropriate responses has been achieved

56
Q

Generates most ATP through aerobic respiration

A

Mitochondria

57
Q

ocation of the mitochondria

A

Within the cell where oxygen enters and where ATP is used

58
Q

Parts of the mitochondri

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane
Outer mitochondrial membrane

59
Q

The mitochondria plays an important role in APOPTOSIS whinch means —

A

Programmed cell death

60
Q

The mitochondria can (1), have (2) genes, and have their own (3) of DNA

A
  1. self replicate
  2. 37
  3. circlar copies
61
Q

Where are mitochondrial genes inherited?

A

Mothers

62
Q

All mitochondira are descendants of those present in the — during ferilization

A

oocyte (egg)

63
Q

What organelles does the head of the sperm usually lack?

A

ER
Golgi complex
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

64
Q
A

112 (15 decks)

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