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Cytoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

The cytoplasm is in between what?

A

Plasma membrane and nucleus

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2
Q

2 compartments of the cytoplasm

A
  1. Cytosol
  2. Organelles
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3
Q

Other term for cytosol

A

Intracellular fluid

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4
Q

What 55 of the total cell volume is the the cytosol?

A

55%

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5
Q

Site of chemical reaction in a cell’s existence

A

Cytosol

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6
Q

Building blocks for maintenance of cell structures and cell growth

A

Cytosol

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7
Q

Network of protein filaments

A

Cytoskeleton

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8
Q

Contributes to structure of organelles

A

Cytoskeleton

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9
Q

The cytoskeleton aids movement of (1) within the cell, of (2) during cell division, and of (3) such as phagocytes

A
  1. organelles
  2. chromosomes
  3. whole cells
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10
Q

Types of the cytoskeleton

A

Intermediate Filaments
Microfilaments
Microtubules

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11
Q

Thinnest element of the cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments

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12
Q

Composition of the microfilaments

A

Actin and Myosin

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13
Q

This helps generate movements and provides mechanical support (responsible for strangth and shapes)

A

Microfilaments

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14
Q

Non-motile, microscopic fingerlike projections

A

Microvilli

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15
Q

Thicker than filaments

A

Intermediate filaments

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16
Q

These are exceptionally strong, and are found on cells subject to stress

A

Intermediate filaments

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17
Q

These stabilize organelles and helps attach cells to one another

A

Intermediate filaments

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18
Q

Largest type of the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules

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19
Q

Describe microtubules

A

Long, unbranched hollow tubes

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20
Q

Composition of the microtubules

A

Protein, specifically insulin

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21
Q

These help determine the cell shape, and function in movement of organelles, cell division, and cell projections

A

Microtubules

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22
Q

Differentiate flagella from cilia

A

Flagella is the longer part of tha tail; Cilia is shorter and is part of the flagella

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23
Q

Specialized structures within the cell that have characteristic shapes, and performing specific functions

A

Organelles

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24
Q

Organelles have their own set of —

A

enzymes

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25
Serves as functional compartment for biochemical processes
Organelles
26
Organelles halps maintain ---
homeostasis
27
Where is the centrosome located?
Near the nucleus
28
Parts of the centrosome, its shape, and composition
Pair of centrioles - cylindrical - composition: 9 clusters of 3 microtubules arranged in circular pattern Pericontriolar material - ring-shaped - composition: tubulin
29
For growth of mitotic spindle
Pericentriolar Material
30
Anchored in th ebasal body of the plasma membrane and function to move fluid along the cell's surface
Cilia
31
Moves in a forward motion and moves the entire cell
Flagella
32
Ribosomes function as ---
site of protein synthesis
33
High content of ribonucleic acid, each one with 50 proteins
Ribosomes
34
2 subunits of ribosomes
Large and small
35
Where is the ribosome made?
Nucleolus
36
3 areas where ribosomes are located/ can be released
1. Outer membrane of the nuclear membrane and to the ER 2. Free/ unatteached 3. Mitochondria
37
Network of membrane in a form of flattened sacs/ tubules
Endoplasmic reticulum
38
2 classifications of ER and differentiate
1. Rough ER- has ribosomes; for processing and sorting 2. Smooth ER: doesn't have ribosomes; produce secretory proteins, membrane proteins, many organelle proteins
39
What does the rough and smooth ER synthesize
Rough ER: Glycolipids and phospholipids Smooth ER: Fatty acids and steroids (estrogen & progesterone)
40
Transport pathway
Golgi complex
41
3-20 cisternae/ cavities
Golgi complex
42
Describe the Golgi complex
Small, flattened membranous sacs with bulging edges
43
Modifies, sorts, packages and transport proteins received from the ROUGH ER
Golgi Complex
44
Describe the lysosomes
Membrane-enclosed vesicles that form the Golgi complex
45
Contains 60 kinds of powerful digestive and hydrolytic enzymes
Lysosomes
46
Lysosomes digest subs that enter the cell via (1) and transport end products of digestion to the (2)
1. Endocytosis 2. Cytosol
47
Differentiate autophagy from autolysis
Autophagy is the digestion of worn-out organelle Autolysis is the digestion of the entire cell
48
In autophagy, the organelle that will be digested will be enclosed in a membrane to create a vesicle
Autophagosome
49
Other term for perixosomes
Microbodies
50
Contains several oxidases that can oxidize various organic subs
Perixosomes
51
Oxidizes alcohol
Perixosomes
52
Without perixosomes, byproducts of metabolism could accumulate in the cell and result to ---
cell death
53
Tiny. barrel-shaped structure with 4 staced proteins around a central core
Proteasomes
54
Funtion of the proteasome
Continuous destruction of unneeded, damed, or faulty proteins
55
How does the proteasomes play a negative feedback?
By halting rhe pathway once the appropriate responses has been achieved
56
Generates most ATP through aerobic respiration
Mitochondria
57
ocation of the mitochondria
Within the cell where oxygen enters and where ATP is used
58
Parts of the mitochondri
Inner mitochondrial membrane Outer mitochondrial membrane
59
The mitochondria plays an important role in APOPTOSIS whinch means ---
Programmed cell death
60
The mitochondria can (1), have (2) genes, and have their own (3) of DNA
1. self replicate 2. 37 3. circlar copies
61
Where are mitochondrial genes inherited?
Mothers
62
All mitochondira are descendants of those present in the --- during ferilization
oocyte (egg)
63
What organelles does the head of the sperm usually lack?
ER Golgi complex Mitochondria Ribosomes
64

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