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112 > Midterms | Skeletal System > Flashcards

Midterms | Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A
  • Support structural framework
  • Protecs internal organs
  • Assistance in movement
  • Mineral homeostasis
  • Blood cell production
  • Triglyceride storage
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2
Q

Tendons vs ligaments

A

Tendons: muscle-bones
Ligaments: bone-bone

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3
Q

Storage and release of minerals

A

Mineral homeostasis

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4
Q

Term refering to old patients

A

Geriatric

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5
Q

Bone tissue makes up how many percent of the total body weight?

A

18%

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6
Q

Location of blood cell production

A

Red bone marrow (RBC, WBC, Platelet)

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7
Q

Process of making blood

A

Homopoiesis

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8
Q

Where is triglyceride storage produced?

A

Yellow bone mmarrow

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9
Q

Yellow bone marrow consists of (1) for (2)

A
  1. adipose cells
  2. chemical energy reserve
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10
Q

Bone marrow difference for infants and adults

A

Infant: Red bone marrow
Adult/ increasing age: yellow bone marrow

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11
Q

Parts of a typical long bone

A
  • Diaphysis
  • Epiphysis
  • MEtaphysis
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12
Q

Bone’s shaft/ body

A

Diaphysis

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13
Q

Long/ main portion of the bone

A

Diaphysis

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14
Q

Proximal and distal end of the bone

A

Epiphysis

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15
Q

Region between diaphysis and epiphysis

A

Metaphysis

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16
Q

Layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the bone to grow in length

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

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17
Q

Epiphyseal growth plate refers to the layer of — that allows the bone to grow in length

A

hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

At ages (1), the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone resulting to the formation of (2)

A
  1. 14-24
  2. epiphyseal line
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19
Q

Physis/ Growth Plate vs Epiphyseal Line

A

Physis/ Growth Plate: Occurs on newborn/ infants

Epiphyseal Line: Growth Plate closes (14-24 yrs)

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20
Q

Surronds the bone surface that are not covered by articular cartilage

A

Periosteum

21
Q

Where is the periosteum connected?

A

Sharpey’s fiber

22
Q

Other term for sharpey’s fiber

A

Perforating fibers

23
Q

Collagen that extends from the periosteum and to the bone’s extracellular matrix

A

sharpey’s fiber

24
Q

Sharpey’s fiber is a (1) that extends from the (2) and to the bone’s (3)

A
  1. collagen
  2. periosteum
  3. extracellular matrix
25
Q

Other term for medullary cavity

A

marrow cavity

26
Q

Hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow

A

Medullary cavity

27
Q

Medullary cavity minimizes (1) and maximizes (2)

A
  1. weight
  2. strength
28
Q

Types of cells in the bone

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor/ Osteogenic cells
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
28
Q

Contains single layer of bone-forming cells

A

Endosteum

28
Q

Thin membrane tha tlines the medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

29
Q

Unspecialized bones stem cells derived from mesenchyme

A

Osteoprogenitor/ Osteogenic cells

30
Q

Where do Osteoprogenitor/ Osteogenic cells come from?

A

Mesenchyme

31
Q

Where connective tissues are formed

A

Mesenchyme

32
Q

The only bone that undergo cell division

A

Osteoprogenitor/ Osteogenic cells

33
Q

Where are osteoprogenitor/ osteogenic cells found?

A

Inner portion os the periosteum, endosteum, and canals within the bone with blood vessels

34
Q

Bone building cells

A

Osteoblasts

35
Q

Synthesize ans secrete collagen to build the extracellular matrix

A

Osteoblasts

36
Q

Initiates calcification

A

Osteoblasts

37
Q

Hardening of calcium/ any minerals

A

Calcification

38
Q

Osteoblasts become osteocytes when —

A

trapped

39
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

40
Q

Maintains the metabolism in the bone such as the exchange of nutrients and wastes in the blood

A

Osteocytes

41
Q

Osteocytes maintains the metabolism in the bone such as the exchange of (1) and (2) in the blood

A
  1. nutrients
  2. wastes
42
Q

Derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (WBC)

A

Osteoclasts

43
Q

Where are osteoclasts derived?

A

fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (WBC)

44
Q

Releases powerful lysomal enzymes and acids that digests protein and mineral components

A

Osteoclasts

45
Q

Where are osteoclasts concentrated?

A

Endosteum

46
Q

Osteoblasts vs Osteoclasts

A

Osteoblasts BUILD bones; Osteoclasts CARVE OUT bones

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