Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

2 Types of cell division

A

Somatic cell division
Reproductive cell division

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2
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a somatic cell division?

A

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

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3
Q

Any precursor cell destined to be a gamete

A

Somatic cell division

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4
Q

Other term for a gamete

A

Germ cell

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5
Q

The germ cell/ gamete is composed of what?

A

Sperm cell and egg cell

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6
Q

The gamete/ egrm cell undergoes what processes?

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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7
Q

Other term for mitosis

A

Nuclear division

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8
Q

Other term for cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasmic division

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9
Q

What does the somatic cell division produce?

A

2 identical cells (same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cells)

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10
Q

Replaces dead or injured tissue cells and add new ones during tissue growth

A

Somatic cell division

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11
Q

The period between cell divisions

A

Interphase

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12
Q

Resting phase of the cell (?)

A

Interphase

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13
Q

What happens during Interphase?

A

Interphase is when the cell is not dividing, yet undergoes most of the growing. There is a high state of metabolic activity, and replication of DNA occurs *S Phase)

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14
Q

Phases of Interphase

A
  1. G1 Phase
  2. Synthesis (S) Phase
  3. G2 Phase
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15
Q

Phase of the cell sensitive to radiation

A

Radiosensitive

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16
Q

Interphase that is/are radiosensitive

A

G1 & G2 Phase

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17
Q

Phase that has enough energy to counter radiation

A

Radioresistant

18
Q

Interphase that is radioresistant (?)

19
Q

Known to be the relaxed phase

20
Q

Phase where there is no activity of DNA Replication

A

G Phases; DNA Replication is in the S Phase

21
Q

Known to build gap/interruptions

22
Q

How many sets of chromosomes are created in Mitosis and Meiosis?

A

Mitosis: 2 sets (Diploid)
Meisosis: 4 sets (Haploid)

24
Q

What happens during Mitosis?

A

Parent cell produces identical cells, chromosomes become visible under light microscope, and 2 sets of chromosomes are distributed into a separate nuclei

25
Enumerate what happens during Prophase
- Chromatin fibers condense into paired chromatids - Nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear - Each centrosome moves to an opposite pole of the cell
26
What happens during Metaphase?
Centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at metaphase plate
27
Responsible for putting the chromosomes at the middle during Metaphase
Metaphase plate
28
How many number of chromosomes are made during fertilization compared to when they were somatic cells?
Gametes will have the same nuber of chromosomes as somatic cells, while number of chromosomes would double during fertilization.
28
In this process, each new organism is the result of the union of two different gametes, one produced by each parent
Sexual reproduction
28
What happens during Telophase?
- Nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear - Chromosomes resume chromatin form - Mitotic spindle disappears - Further pulling away, reating a cleavage furrow
28
What happens during Anaphase?
- Centromeres split - Identical sets of chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell (Chromatids move away)
29
What happens during cytokinesis?
Contractile ring forms cleavage furrow around center of cell, dividing cytoplasm into separate and equal portions
30
Produces gametes in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
Meiosis 1
31
What does fertilization restore during Meiosis 1?
Diploid number of chromosomes
32
What processes happen during Prophase 1?
Synapsis Tetrad Crossing over
33
The 2 sister chromatids of each pair of homologous chromosomes pair off
Synapsis
34
Resulting four chromosomes
Tetrad
35
Exchange between parts of non-sister (genetically different) chromatids
Crossing over
36
Explain what happens during Prophase 1
In a process called synapsis, 2 sister chromatids of each pair of homologous chromosomes pair off to form a tetrad. Afterwards, in a process called crossing over, exchange between parts of non-sister chromatids.
37