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112 > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

2 Types of cell division

A

Somatic cell division
Reproductive cell division

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2
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a somatic cell division?

A

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

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3
Q

Any precursor cell destined to be a gamete

A

Somatic cell division

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4
Q

Other term for a gamete

A

Germ cell

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5
Q

The germ cell/ gamete is composed of what?

A

Sperm cell and egg cell

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6
Q

The gamete/ egrm cell undergoes what processes?

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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7
Q

Other term for mitosis

A

Nuclear division

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8
Q

Other term for cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasmic division

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9
Q

What does the somatic cell division produce?

A

2 identical cells (same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cells)

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10
Q

Replaces dead or injured tissue cells and add new ones during tissue growth

A

Somatic cell division

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11
Q

The period between cell divisions

A

Interphase

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12
Q

Resting phase of the cell (?)

A

Interphase

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13
Q

What happens during Interphase?

A

Interphase is when the cell is not dividing, yet undergoes most of the growing. There is a high state of metabolic activity, and replication of DNA occurs *S Phase)

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14
Q

Phases of Interphase

A
  1. G1 Phase
  2. Synthesis (S) Phase
  3. G2 Phase
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15
Q

Phase of the cell sensitive to radiation

A

Radiosensitive

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16
Q

Interphase that is/are radiosensitive

A

G1 & G2 Phase

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17
Q

Phase that has enough energy to counter radiation

A

Radioresistant

18
Q

Interphase that is radioresistant (?)

A

S Phase

19
Q

Known to be the relaxed phase

A

G Phases

20
Q

Phase where there is no activity of DNA Replication

A

G Phases; DNA Replication is in the S Phase

21
Q

Known to build gap/interruptions

A

G Phases

22
Q

How many sets of chromosomes are created in Mitosis and Meiosis?

A

Mitosis: 2 sets (Diploid)
Meisosis: 4 sets (Haploid)

23
Q
A
24
Q

What happens during Mitosis?

A

Parent cell produces identical cells, chromosomes become visible under light microscope, and 2 sets of chromosomes are distributed into a separate nuclei

25
Q

Enumerate what happens during Prophase

A
  • Chromatin fibers condense into paired chromatids
  • Nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear
  • Each centrosome moves to an opposite pole of the cell
26
Q

What happens during Metaphase?

A

Centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at metaphase plate

27
Q

Responsible for putting the chromosomes at the middle during Metaphase

A

Metaphase plate

28
Q

How many number of chromosomes are made during fertilization compared to when they were somatic cells?

A

Gametes will have the same nuber of chromosomes as somatic cells, while number of chromosomes would double during fertilization.

28
Q

In this process, each new organism is the result of the union of two different gametes, one produced by each parent

A

Sexual reproduction

28
Q

What happens during Telophase?

A
  • Nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear
  • Chromosomes resume chromatin form
  • Mitotic spindle disappears
  • Further pulling away, reating a cleavage furrow
28
Q

What happens during Anaphase?

A
  • Centromeres split
  • Identical sets of chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell (Chromatids move away)
29
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

Contractile ring forms cleavage furrow around center of cell, dividing cytoplasm into separate and equal portions

30
Q

Produces gametes in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

A

Meiosis 1

31
Q

What does fertilization restore during Meiosis 1?

A

Diploid number of chromosomes

32
Q

What processes happen during Prophase 1?

A

Synapsis
Tetrad
Crossing over

33
Q

The 2 sister chromatids of each pair of homologous chromosomes pair off

A

Synapsis

34
Q

Resulting four chromosomes

A

Tetrad

35
Q

Exchange between parts of non-sister (genetically different) chromatids

A

Crossing over

36
Q

Explain what happens during Prophase 1

A

In a process called synapsis, 2 sister chromatids of each pair of homologous chromosomes pair off to form a tetrad. Afterwards, in a process called crossing over, exchange between parts of non-sister chromatids.

37
Q
A

112 (15 decks)

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