Cell Division

Question 1

2 Types of cell division

Answer 1

Somatic cell division
Reproductive cell division

Question 2

How many chromosomes are there in a somatic cell division?

Answer 2

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

Question 3

Any precursor cell destined to be a gamete

Answer 3

Somatic cell division

Question 4

Other term for a gamete

Answer 4

Germ cell

Question 5

The germ cell/ gamete is composed of what?

Answer 5

Sperm cell and egg cell

Question 6

The gamete/ egrm cell undergoes what processes?

Answer 6

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Question 7

Other term for mitosis

Answer 7

Nuclear division

Question 8

Other term for cytokinesis

Answer 8

Cytoplasmic division

Question 9

What does the somatic cell division produce?

Answer 9

2 identical cells (same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cells)

Question 10

Replaces dead or injured tissue cells and add new ones during tissue growth

Answer 10

Somatic cell division

Question 11

The period between cell divisions

Answer 11

Interphase

Question 12

Resting phase of the cell (?)

Answer 12

Interphase

Question 13

What happens during Interphase?

Answer 13

Interphase is when the cell is not dividing, yet undergoes most of the growing. There is a high state of metabolic activity, and replication of DNA occurs *S Phase)

Question 14

Phases of Interphase

Answer 14

1. G1 Phase
2. Synthesis (S) Phase
3. G2 Phase

Question 15

Phase of the cell sensitive to radiation

Answer 15

Radiosensitive

Question 16

Interphase that is/are radiosensitive

Answer 16

G1 & G2 Phase

Question 17

Phase that has enough energy to counter radiation

Answer 17

Radioresistant

Question 18

Interphase that is radioresistant (?)

Answer 18

S Phase

Question 19

Known to be the relaxed phase

Answer 19

G Phases

Question 20

Phase where there is no activity of DNA Replication

Answer 20

G Phases; DNA Replication is in the S Phase

Question 21

Known to build gap/interruptions

Answer 21

G Phases

Question 22

How many sets of chromosomes are created in Mitosis and Meiosis?

Answer 22

Mitosis: 2 sets (Diploid)
Meisosis: 4 sets (Haploid)

Question 24

What happens during Mitosis?

Answer 24

Parent cell produces identical cells, chromosomes become visible under light microscope, and 2 sets of chromosomes are distributed into a separate nuclei

Question 25

Enumerate what happens during Prophase

Answer 25

- Chromatin fibers condense into paired chromatids - Nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear - Each centrosome moves to an opposite pole of the cell

Question 26

What happens during Metaphase?

Answer 26

Centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at metaphase plate

Question 27

Responsible for putting the chromosomes at the middle during Metaphase

Answer 27

Metaphase plate

Question 28

How many number of chromosomes are made during fertilization compared to when they were somatic cells?

Answer 28

Gametes will have the same nuber of chromosomes as somatic cells, while number of chromosomes would double during fertilization.

Question 28

In this process, each new organism is the result of the union of two different gametes, one produced by each parent

Answer 28

Sexual reproduction

Question 28

What happens during Telophase?

Answer 28

- Nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear - Chromosomes resume chromatin form - Mitotic spindle disappears - Further pulling away, reating a cleavage furrow

Question 28

What happens during Anaphase?

Answer 28

- Centromeres split - Identical sets of chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell (Chromatids move away)

Question 29

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 29

Contractile ring forms cleavage furrow around center of cell, dividing cytoplasm into separate and equal portions

Question 30

Produces gametes in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

Answer 30

Meiosis 1

Question 31

What does fertilization restore during Meiosis 1?

Answer 31

Diploid number of chromosomes

Question 32

What processes happen during Prophase 1?

Answer 32

Synapsis Tetrad Crossing over

Question 33

The 2 sister chromatids of each pair of homologous chromosomes pair off

Answer 33

Synapsis

Question 34

Resulting four chromosomes

Answer 34

Tetrad

Question 35

Exchange between parts of non-sister (genetically different) chromatids

Answer 35

Crossing over

Question 36

Explain what happens during Prophase 1

Answer 36

In a process called synapsis, 2 sister chromatids of each pair of homologous chromosomes pair off to form a tetrad. Afterwards, in a process called crossing over, exchange between parts of non-sister chromatids.