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112 > Finals | Skeletal System > Flashcards

Finals | Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

2 Regions of a Bone

A

Spongy bone tissue
Compact bone tissue

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2
Q

Compact bone tissue

A
  • strongest form
  • provides protection & support, resist stress
  • contains none to few spaces
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3
Q

Spongy bone tissue

A
  • trabecular/ cancellous
  • light
  • many spaces in between
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4
Q

Repeating structural units of the bone

A

Osteon

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5
Q

Components of a Compact Bone

A

Osteon

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6
Q

Other term for osteon

A

Haversian system

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7
Q

Each osteon consists of (1)
which are circular plates of (2)

A
  1. concentric lamellae
  2. mineralized extracellular matrix
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8
Q

ciircular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix

A

Concentric Lamellae

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9
Q

Arrangement of the concentric lamellae

A

Central manner; Central canal or Haversian Canal

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10
Q

Components of the concentric lamellae

A
  1. Lacunae
  2. Canaliculi
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11
Q

Small spaces between the concentric lamelae

A

Lacunae

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12
Q

Other term for canaliculi

A

Channels

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13
Q

Connects lacunae with one another

A

Canaliculi

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14
Q

Types of bones

A

Flat bone
Long bone
Sesamoid bone
Short bone
Irregular bone

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15
Q

Example of long bones

A

femur
tibia & fibula
humerus
radius & ulna
phalanges

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16
Q

Example of short bones

A

talus
carpal
most tarsal bones

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17
Q

Examples of flat bones

A

clavicle
cranium
sternum & ribs
scapulae

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18
Q

Other term for scapulae

A

Shoulder blades

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19
Q

Other term for clavicle

A

Collar bone

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20
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

vertebrae
hip bones
certain facial bones
calcaneus

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21
Q

Example of sesamoid bones

A

patellae & sesamoid bones

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22
Q

Have greater length & width

A

Long bones

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23
Q

Cube-shaped

A

Short bones

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24
Q

Nearly equal Length & Width

A

Short bones

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25
Q

Thin & composed of 2 nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue

A

Flat bones

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26
Q

Flat bones are (1) & composed of 2 nearly parallel plates of (2)

A
  1. thin
  2. compact bone tissue
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27
Q

Purpose of flat bones

A

For protection and provide extensive areas for muscle attachment

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28
Q

Complex shapes & cannot be grouped

A

Irregular bones

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29
Q

Shaped like sesame seed

A

Sesamoid bones

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30
Q

Purpose of sesamoid bones

A

Protects tendons from wear & tear

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31
Q

Small bones located in sutures between certain cranial bones

A

Sutural bones

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32
Q

Divisions of bones

A
  1. Appendicular skeleton
  2. Axial skeleton
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33
Q

Number of bones in the axial division

A

80 bones

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34
Q

Cranium bones

A

Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone

PEST OF 8

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35
Q

Bat-shaped cranial bone with a central body and two lateral wings on either side

A

Sphenoid bone

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36
Q

Facial bones

A

Paired:
-2 Maxillae
-2 Lacrimal
-2 Palatine
-2 Nasal
-2 Inferior nasal conchae
-2 zygomatic

Unpaired:
-Mandible
-Vomer

PaLaMaxZIN VoMan

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37
Q

6 bones of the ear

A
  • Malleus (hammer)
  • Incus (anvil)
  • Stapes (stirrup)
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38
Q

Other term for the ear

A

Auditory ossicles

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39
Q

Have the presence of fontanels

A

Fetal skull

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40
Q

Other term for fontanels

A

Soft spots

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41
Q

FONTANELS
- (1) between cranial bones; replaced by the (2) and becomes sutures

A
  1. membrane-filled spaces
  2. intramembranous ossification
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42
Q

Purpose of fontanels

A

Provide flexibility to fetal bones
Allows skull to change as it passes through the birth canal

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43
Q

Fontanels of the fetal skull

A
  • Anterolateral/ Sphenoid fontanel
  • Posterolateral/ Mastoid fontanel
  • Antero/coronal fontanel
  • Posteripr fontanel
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44
Q

Bones of the anterolateral fontanel

A

Future sphenoid
temporal, parietal and frontal bones

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45
Q

When does anterolateral fontanels close?

A

3 months after birth

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46
Q

Parts of the posterolateral fontanel

A

Junction of temporal, parietal, and occipital bones

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47
Q

When does the posterolateral fontanel closes?

A

Begins to close 1-2 months after birth (not complete until12 months)

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48
Q

Where the R & L parietal bones are to meet the frontal bones

A

Antero/coronal fontanel

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49
Q

What shape is the antero/coronal fontanel?

A

Diamond-shaped

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50
Q

Largest fontanel

A

Antero/coronal fontanel

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51
Q

When does the antero/coronal fontanel close?

A

18-24 months after birth

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52
Q

Vertex of the head

A

Bregma

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53
Q

Closing point of coronal

A

Bregma

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54
Q

Parietal bones are to meet the occipital bones

A

Posterior fontanel

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55
Q

Shape of the posterior fontanel

A

Triangular

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56
Q

When does the posterior fontanel close?

A

2 months afte rbirth

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57
Q

Purpose of sutures

A

unite

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58
Q

What does the coronal suture unite?

A

Frontal and parietal bones

59
Q

What does the sagittal suture unite?

A

2 parietal bones on superior midline

60
Q

What does the lambdoid suture unite?

A

2 parietal and occipatal bones

61
Q

What does the squamous suture unite?

A

Parietal and temporal bones on the lateral

62
Q

Other term for sinus

A

Mucous Membrane Spaces or Paranasal sinuses

63
Q

Sinuses

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid

FES M

64
Q

Biggest sinus

A

Maxillary

65
Q

Sinuses are seen in the tadiograph as — structures

A

radiolucent

66
Q

Radiolucent vs radiopaque

A

Radiolucent: Black/ very dark
Radiopaque: White

67
Q

Shape of the Hyoid bone

A

U-shaped

68
Q

Location of the hyoid bone

A

Anterior neck

69
Q

Parts of the hyoid bone

A

body
lesser horns
greater horns

70
Q

Number of bones in the vertebral column

A

26 bones

71
Q

Vertebral column takes up how much of the total body weight?

A

2/5 of the total body weight

72
Q

Length of the vertebral column

A

71 cm (28 inches) in male;
61 cm (24 inches) in female

73
Q

Number of vertebral column bones during early development

A

33 vertebrae

74
Q

Parts of the vertebral column

A

▪ CERVICAL: 7
▪ THORACIC: 12
▪ LUMBAR: 5
▪ SACRUM: 1 (Fused 5 sacral vertebrae)
▪ COCCYX: 1 (Fused 4 coccygeal vertebrae)

75
Q

Fibrous ring in between vertebral bodies

A

Intervertebral disc

76
Q

Parts of the intervertebral disc

A

Annulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus

77
Q

Describe annulus fibrosus

A

Outer; made up of fibrocartilage

78
Q

Describe the nucleus pulposus

A

Inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic

79
Q

Parts of a typical vertebrae

A
  • Vertebral body
  • Vertebral arch
  • Vertebral foramen
  • Intervertebral foramen
  • Processes
80
Q

Thick, disc shaped anterior portion

A

Vertebral body

81
Q

Weight bearing vertebra

A

Vertebral body

82
Q

Vertebra that extends posteriorly from the body

A

Vertebral arch

83
Q

Has pedicles which forms the archs

A

Vertebral arch

84
Q

2 short thick processes that forms the arch of vertebral arch

A

Pedicles

85
Q

Composition of the vertebral foramen

A

adipose tissue
spinal cord
areolar connective tissue
blood vessel

86
Q

Compositions of the intervertebral foramen

A

Single spinal nerve

87
Q

Processes of a typical vertebra (7)

A

▪ 2 transverse
▪ 2 superior articular process
▪ 2 inferior articular process
▪ Spinous process

88
Q

Parts of the cervical vertebrae

A
  • C1 (Atlas)
  • C2 (Axis
  • C3-C6
  • C7 (vertebral prominence)
89
Q

Yes and No bones

A

C1: YES BONE
C2: NO BONE

90
Q

The body of the C2 is known as (1)/ (2)

A
  1. dens
  2. odontoid process
91
Q

Toothlike body

A

dens/ odontoid process

92
Q

Neck injury caused by sudden, vigorous head movement in one direction, then back quickly caused by a motor vehicular accident

A

Whiplash injury

93
Q

Whiplash injury is a trauma to the —

A

dens

94
Q

Most common cause of whiplash injury

A

Motor vehicular accidents

95
Q

Most affected by whiplash injury

A

C2

96
Q

Typical cervical vertebrae

A

C3-C6

97
Q

Single large spinous process at the base of the head

A

C7 (vertebral prominens(

98
Q

Larger and stronger vertebrae

A

Thoracic

99
Q

Differentiate T1 & T2 from T11 & T12

A
  • Longer spinous process on T1 and T2 ; directed inferiorly
  • T110T12 are shorter, broader spinous processes directed posteriorly
100
Q

Processes are short, thick, and broad

A

Lumbar

101
Q

Made up of 4 fused vertebrae

A

Coccyx/ Tail bone

102
Q

Composition of the thorax

A
  • Sternum/ breastbone (1)
  • Rib (24; 12 pairs)
103
Q

Parts of he sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid tip/ process

104
Q

Location of the sternum

A

Center of the anterior thoracic wall

105
Q

Length of the sternum of the anterior thoracic wall

A

15 cm in length

106
Q

Compositions of the rib

A
  • True ribs/ Vertebrosternal ribs
  • False ribs/ Vertebrochondral ribs
  • Floating ribs/ Vertebral ribs
107
Q

True ribs

A

Vertebrosternal ribs
- 1-7
- attached to the sternum

108
Q

False ribs

A

Vertebrochondral ribs
- 8-10
- not attached directly to the sternum

109
Q

Floating ribs

A

Vertebral ribs
- 11-12

110
Q

Number of bones in the appendicular division

A

126 bones

111
Q

Bones of the pectoral girdle

A

4
- 2 clavicle (collar bone)
- 2 scapula (shoulder blade)

112
Q

Long bone that lies along the horizontal axis

A

clavicle

113
Q

Part of the shoulder girdle that supports the arm

A

Scapula

114
Q

Bones of the upper extremities

A

60
- 2 humerus
- 2 ulna
- 2 radius
- 16 carpals
- 10 metacarpals
- 28 phalanges

115
Q

Side of the 5th digit

A

ulna

116
Q

Carpus/ wrist bone

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

117
Q

Knuckles

A

Metacarpals

118
Q

Other term for phalanges

A

digits

119
Q

Other term for the thumb

A

pollex

120
Q

Fracture of the 5th metacarpal

A

Boxer’s fracture

121
Q

Other term for hip bones

A

Pelvic bones, Coxal, Os coxa

122
Q

Hip bones are united by what?

A

Pubic symphysis

123
Q

Deep-basin like structure

A

Bony pelvis

124
Q

Parts of the bony pelvis

A

Hip bones
Pubic symphysis
Sacrum

125
Q

Pelvic girdle is the fusion of what bones?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

126
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: General structure

A

Female: Light and thin
Male: Heavy and thick

127
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: False/ Greater Pelvis

A

Female: Shallow
Male: Deep

128
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Pelvic brim

A

Female: Larger; more oval
Male: Smaller; heart-shaped

129
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Acetabulum

A

Female: Small and faces anteriorly
Male: Large and faces laterally

130
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Obturator formaen

A

Female: Oval
Male: Round

131
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Pubic arch

A

Female: >90 degrees angle
Male: <90 degrees angle

132
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Iliac crest

A

Female: less curved
Male:more curved

133
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Ilium

A

Female: less vertical
Male: more vertical

134
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Greater sciatic notch

A

F: Wide
M: Narrow

135
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Coccyx

A

FL more mavable
M: less movable

136
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Sacrum

A

F: Shorter, wider
M: Larger, narrower

137
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Pelvic outlet

A

F: Wider
M: Narrower

138
Q

Male vs Female Pelvis: Ischial tuberosity

A

F: Shorter; farther apart
M: Longer; closer apart

139
Q

Other term for the bones of the pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis)

A

False/ Greater Pelvis

140
Q

Circle shape in the pelvis’ center

A

True/ Lesser pelvis

141
Q

How many bones are there in the lower extremities?

A

32

142
Q

Bones in the lower extremities

A
  • 2 femur
  • 2 ibula
  • 2 tibia
  • 2 patella
  • 10 metatarsals
  • 14 tarsals
143
Q

Tarsals

A

Tallus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Third cuneiform, Second cuneiform, First cuneiform, Cuboid

112 (15 decks)

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