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Child Development > Midterm- Week 2 PPT > Flashcards

Midterm- Week 2 PPT Flashcards

1
Q

What are infant reflexes?

A

A reflex is unborn, automatic, involuntary stereotyped response to a particular form of stimuli

Building blocks for complex behavior

Do not last beyond first year

May be inhibited by maturing CNS and integrated into new moves

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2
Q

What is reflexive chaining?

A

Moro reflex helped a baby who lost support to embrace and with grasp reflex, regain its hold on the mother’s body

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3
Q

Why is the study of infant reflexes important?

A

Neuromaturational Theory of Dev

Postural reflexes foundation for later voluntary movements

Helpful in diagnosing neurological disorders

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4
Q

What is the Neuromaturational Theory of Development?

A

Normal motor development in infants

Increasing corticalization of the CNS

Higher level of control over lower reflex centers

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5
Q

When do primitive reflexes occur and repressed?

A

Occur- gestation or at birth

Repressed- around 6 months

For survival, protection and nutrition

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6
Q

What are postural reflexes related to?

A

Development of later voluntary movement

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7
Q

What movement is “practice” for future voluntary movements?

A

Automatic

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8
Q

If the infant reflex is palmar grasp what would be the future voluntary movement?

A

Grasping

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9
Q

If the infant reflex is stepping what would be the future voluntary movement?

A

Walking

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10
Q

What type of reactions are in the cortex?

A

Equilibrium reactions

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11
Q

What type of reactions are in the midbrain?

A

Righting reactions

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12
Q

What type of reactions are in the brain stem?

A

Primitive reflexes

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13
Q

What are the 5 things to look at when you’re doing your behavioral observation?

A

1) level of arousal
2) tolerance of sensory input
3) ability to recover from stress
4) awareness of surroundings
5) age appropriate attention to task

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14
Q

What is the primitive reflex profile?

A

Quantification of the present or strength of primitive reflexes

3 reflexes:

1) moro
2) asymmetric tonic neck
3) symmetric tonic neck

5 point system

  • 0 for absent
  • 4 strong it dominates individual
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15
Q

What are the 2 other names for rooting reflex?

A

Search reflex

Cardinal points reflex

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16
Q

What are the 9 types of primitive reflexes?

A

1) Moro
2) startle
3) Palmar grasp
4) sucking
5) rooting
6) asymmetric tonic neck (ATNR)
7) symmetric tonic neck (STNR)
8) plantar grasp
9) babinski

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17
Q

What is the Moro reflex?

A

Arms and legs extend when the baby’s head is suddenly lowered in a supine position or when a surface near the baby is hit

Prenatal to 4-6 months

Lack of reflex-

  • CNS or sensorimotor dysfunction
  • delay in independent sitting and head control
  • hypo responsive or hyper responsive
  • factor of SIDS
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18
Q

What is the startle reflex?

A

Loud noise can cause abduction a protective response to sudden stimulation

2-3 months after moro
Disappears at 1

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19
Q

What is the palmar grasp?

A

4 fingers (not thumb) close when palm is stimulated

0 to 4-6 months

No grasp:

  • indicate neurological problems (hypotonia)
  • peripheral, spinal cord involvement or lesion of the brain

Natures to pincer grasp

20
Q

What is sucking or suck-

Swallow reflex?

A

Touch of the lips promotes sucking action

0 to 2 1/2 months

No reflex problematic for nutrition

21
Q

What is rooting?

A

Head moves toward the side of face that was touched

0 to 3 months

No reflex is

  • problematic for nutrition
  • May be sign of CNS or sensorimotor dysfunction
22
Q

What is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)?

A

When in a prone or supine position head is turned to one side and limbs flex on one side while the other side extends

0 to 4-6 months

Difficult for Hands, feet and eyes to cross midline

Impaired hand eye coordination and bilateral body awareness

May be a factor of SIDS

23
Q

What else is asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) called?

A

Bow and arrow

Fencers position

24
Q

What is the symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR)?

A

Neck is flexed caused arm flexion and extension of legs

Extension of neck causes extension of arms and flexion of legs

4-6 to 8 months- 1 year

Not there

  • concerns crawling
  • coordination
  • impede motor skills and cause spinal flexion deformities
25
Q

What is a plantar grasp?

A

Toes curl when bottom of foot is touched

0-9 months

Needs to disappear before the baby stands or walks

26
Q

What is the babinski reflex?

A

Stroke the bottom or lateral of the foot and toes fan out

0 to 8 months- 1 year

“Babinski sign” is normal in young infants and may persist during the first year of life

Tests pyramidal tract (ability to perform conscious/ voluntary movement)

27
Q

What is the galant reflex?

A

0-2 months

Stroke baby’s back and the baby’s body flexes on the side the baby was stroke

28
Q

What’s tonic labyrinthe prone and supine reflex?

A

TLR Prone- infant demonstrates increased flexor tone

TLR Supine- infant demonstrates increased extensor tone

0-6 months

29
Q

What are the 8 postural reflexes?

A

1) stepping
2) crawling
3) swimming
4) head and body righting
5) parachuting
6) landau
7) labyrinthine
8) pull up

30
Q

What is stepping?

A

Infant upright with feet touching surface and legs lift up and down

After birth to 5-6 months

Essential for walking

Sometimes called walking reflex

31
Q

What is crawling?

A

Prone position on surface and legs and arms move in crawling action

Activated when they’re on their abdomen

Birth to 3-4 months

Precursor to creeping

32
Q

What is head and body righting?

A

In supine position body turns in either direction then head “rights” itself with body

In supine position turn head in either direction and body “rights” itself with the head

Head: 1-6 months
Body: 5 months - 1 year

Related to voluntary rolling movements

33
Q

What is parachuting?

A

Protective movement, arms stick out in direction of fall from upright position

4 months to 1 year

Can be precursor to neurological dev

Related to upright positions

Also called propping reflex

34
Q

What is the landau reflex or landau reaction?

A

Superman (prone position in the air)

3-4 mos to 1-2 years

Indicates:

  • hypotonia or hypertonia
  • motor dev issue
  • floppy infant syndrome (abnormal limpness)
35
Q

What is tonic labyrinthine?

A

Baby is held upright and tilted one direction the baby tilts his head the opposite direction

2-3 months to 1 year

Related to

  • upright posture
  • functional mobility
  • writing skills
  • toe walking
36
Q

What is pull up?

A

Baby is sitting or standing, hold your hands, and arms flex or extend to maintain upright position

3 months to 1 year

Related to upright posture

37
Q

What is a righting response?

A

Fixing/ holding to resist movement

Not reflexes because they require to process info to decide how to move

38
Q

What happens with the maturation of cortical connection?

A

They override the primitive reflexes in the spinal cord and brain stem

Primitive reflexes disappear and righting and equilibrium reactions emerge

39
Q

What are the 5 righting reactions and the age for each?

A

1) neck on body- 4-6 mos to 5 years
2) body on body- 4-6 mos to 5 years
3) body on head (prone)- 4-5 months
4) body on head (supine)- 5 to 6 months
5) pull to sit/ flexion reaction- 6 1/2 months

40
Q

What are the 3 protective reactions and the onset age for each?

A

1) forward- 6-7 months
2) lateral- 6-11 months
3) backward- 9 months to 1 year

On going for all

41
Q

What are the 5 equilibrium reactions and the ages for each?

A

1) prone- 5-6 months
2) supine- 7-8 months
3) sitting- 7-10 months
4) quadruped- 9 months to 1 year
5) standing- 1-2 years

42
Q

What are equilibrium reactions?

A

Provide info to realign body around the venter of gravity when head is tilted

43
Q

What is hypertonicity?

A

Increased muscle tone

Too stiff to perform movements properly

44
Q

What is hypotonicity?

A

Decreased muscle tone

45
Q

What is athetosis?

A

Showing signs of both hyper and hypotonicity

46
Q

What is contralateral control?

A

How one side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body

Child Development (12 decks)

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