Midterm- Week 1- PPT 2 Flashcards
What is participation?
Being involved and sharing activities
Feeling of belonging and engagement
Children with disabilities are more restricted in active recreation and community socialization activities
What did Bedell and Dumas found in children with disabilities and participation?
Children with acquired brain injuries were most restricted in participating in structures community events, managing daily routines, socialization with peers and physical mobility
What did Shikako-Thomas, Majnemer, Law and Lach found in children with disabilities and participation?
Children with disabilities participated in informal play, passive recreational activities, and sedentary activities then informal activities
What are sedentary activities?
Activities with little or no planning or self-initiated play
What is self determination?
Acting as the primary casual agent in ones life and making choices and decisions regarding ones quality of lunge free from undue external influence or interference
How does OT promote participation in daily living?
Evidence based and client centered
Focuses on occupations that are important to each person in their environment
Acknowledges the power of engagement in occupation
Recognizes the force of the environment as a means of intervention
Has a broad intervention focus
Measure outcome of participation
What are the restrictions, barriers and hindrances to participation?
Sofia contexts
Adaptive behaviors
Diversity of activities
What are the environmental factors affecting participation of children with disabilities?
- absence of physical and institutional barriers
- supportive relationships for the child
- supportive relationships for the parents
What are the family factors affecting participation of children with disabilities?
- absence of financial and time impact in the family
- supportive family demographics
- supportive home environment
- family preference for recreation
What are the child factors affecting participation of children with disabilities?
- child’s self perceptions of athletic and scholastic competence
- child’s physical, cognitive and communicative function
- child’s emotional, behavioral and social function
- child’s activity preferences
Which area does the macrosystem focus on and it’s variables?
Community
Values, beliefs and cultures
Which area does the exosystem focus on and it’s variables?
Organization
Meetings, legislative, settings, policy boards
Which area does the mesosystem focus on and it’s variables?
Relationships
Parent/ teacher, among families and children
Which area does the microsystem focus on and it’s variables?
Child
Classroom, child with disabilities
How were the ecological models formed?
Built on social science theory, occupational therapy models and the disability movement
Based on idea of goodness of fit
Influences by civil rights movements that arose from disability groups
Human ecology
Environments
What is human ecology?
Interaction between the person, environment and occupations
What is the PEO model?
Relationship between people, environments and occupations and dynamic and unique
The environment is a major factor in the prediction of successful and satisfying occupational performance
More efficient and effective to change the environment or find a person environment match
What is the persons portion of the PEO model?
A unique being who, across time and space, participates in various roles important to him or her
What is the environment portion of the PEO model?
Cultural, socioeconomic, institutional, physical, and social factors outside a person that affect his or her experiences
What is the occupation portion of the PEO model?
Any self directed, functional task or activity in which a person engages over the life span
What has the WHO proposed?
Proposed and revised definitions of disability to emphasize performance and environment as key determinants of health and disability
What is the definition of impairment?
A problem in body function or structure
What is the definition of activity limitation?
A difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action
What is the definition of participation restriction?
A problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations
What is a disability?
Umbrella term
Covering impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions
Complex
Reflecting an interaction between features of a persons body and features of the society in which he or she lives
What is the contingency of behavior?
Learning from the environmental cues can occur when a person exhibits an involuntary, reflexive response to an environmental stimulus and subsequently reinforced by a consequence
Stimulus situation- behavioral response- and environmental consequence
What is instrumental and operant conditioning?
Use of reinforcement to modify behavior
Positive and negative reinforcement strategies
ABA apply these strategies in highly controlled manners
What is operant conditioning?
Relationship between behavior and consequences that will shape behavior
Behaviors have consequences
- reinforcement
- punishment
What is positive reinforcement?
Something is being added to increase the tendency that the goal will happen again
What is negative reinforcement?
Take something away in order to increase the tendency that the behavior will happen again
What is positive punishment?
Something is being added in order to decrease the tendency that a targeted behavior will happen again
What is negative punishment?
Something that is being taken away
