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Child Development > FINAL- Week 3 Part 1 > Flashcards

FINAL- Week 3 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: by the end of the1st year a typical infants height is about 32in more than 50% greater than at birth

A

True

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2
Q

How many inches is a baby at 2 years?

A

36in- 75% greater

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3
Q

True or false: 5 months of age birth weight doubled to 10 lbs

A

False

15 LBS

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4
Q

How many lbs is the baby at 1 year and 2 years old?

A

1 year- 22 lbs

2 years- 30 lbs

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5
Q

From Latin “head to tail”
During the prenatal period, the head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the body.
Head takes up 1/4
Body takes up 1/3

A

Cephalocaudal trend

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6
Q

Growth proceeds from center of the body outward- “near to far”

A

Proximodistal trend

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7
Q

True or false: the brain has 100-200 billion neurons that store and transmit info

A

True

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8
Q

True or false: programmed cell death occurs to make space for connective structure. 30-70 % neurons die depending on brain region

A

False

20-80%

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9
Q

Neurons that are seldom stimulated lose their synapses, in a process called ?

A

Synaptic pruning

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10
Q

What percent of synapses are pruned during childhood and adolescence to reach adulthood level?

A

40%

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of neuromaturation?

A

1) primitive reflex patterns emerge into balance, postural reactions and voluntary movement
2) sequence and rage of motor dev are consistent among infants and children
3) low level skills are prerequisites for certain high level skills

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12
Q

True or false: neurons produced after the prenatal period contributes to the dramatic increase in brain size during the first 3 years

A

False

First TWO years

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13
Q

What are glial cells responsible for?

A

Myelination- the coating of neural fibers with a fatty sheath (myelin) that improves the efficiency of message transfer

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14
Q

What is plasticity?

A

Fusion of organism and environment

Individual dev involves emergence of new structural (cellular) and functional (body systems) components

Child experience produce new neurological connections (new associations) and structural changes (physical growth) and other components

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15
Q

True or false: preschoolers with brain injuries sustained in the first year of life with deficits in language and spatial abilities showed better functional outcomes than brain injured adults

A

True

Because if part of the cortex is damaged other parts can take over

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16
Q

Between ages 2 and 6 the brain increases from what percentage of its adult weight to what percentage?

A

70% to 90%

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17
Q

By what age have parts of the cerebral cortex over produced synapses and FMRI evidence reveals cerebral blood flow peaks

A

4

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18
Q

What ages does this occur in your brain: Energy consumption of most cortical regions diminishes near adult level and cognitive capacities increasingly localize in distinct neural systems

A

By ages 8-10

19
Q

Young brains rapidly dev organization, which depends on ordinary experiences- opportunities to explore the environment, interact with people and hear language and sounds
What time of brain dev is this?

A

Experience- expectant brain growth

20
Q

Occurs throughout life span. Consists of additional growth and refinement of established brain structures as a result of specific learning experiences that vary widely across individual and culture (reading, writing, computer games, practicing violin)
What time of brain dev is this?

A

Experience- dependent brain growth

21
Q

Does rushing early learning harm the brain by overwhelming its neural circuits?

A

Yes

22
Q

How many hours are the newborn baby’s round the clock naps?

A

16-18 hours

23
Q

How many hours of sleep does a 2 year old need?

A

12-13 hours

24
Q

How many naps does a 6-9 mos baby take, 18 mos baby take and a 3-5 year old take?

A

6-9 mos- 2 daytime naps

18 mos- 1 daytime nap

3-5 years- no naps

25
Q

How does your heredity influence physical growth?

A

Diet and health are adequate, height and rate of physical growth are influenced by heredity

26
Q

When is nutrition the most crucial for development and what percent of caloric intake is devoted for growth?

A

2 years old most critical

25% of caloric intake

27
Q

When are language areas especially active?

A

Late infancy through preschool

28
Q

Fibers linking the blank to blank grow and myelinate from birth through your preschool years in gains for motor coordination

A

Cerebellum to cerebral cortex

29
Q

What structure in the brain stem maintains alertness and consciousness, generates synapses and myelinated throughout childhood into adolescence

A

Reticular formation

30
Q

In the reticular formation, where do the fibers get sent?

A

Prefrontal cortex

31
Q

What 2 hormones does the pituitary gland release?

A

1) Growth hormone (GH)

2) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

32
Q

What is growth hormone responsible for?

A

Dev of all body tissues except CNS and genitals

33
Q

What happens when children lack GH?

A

Average mature height of 4-4 1/2 feet

Can be treated with injections

34
Q

What does the thyroid stimulating gland do?

A

Prompts the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

35
Q

What is thyroxine?

A

Necessary for brain dev and for GH to have impact on body size

If lacking children need to receive it at once or they can have intellectual disabilities

36
Q

Synergies have specific consistent characteristics, such as a sequence of movements and the ratio of joint movements which can be adjusted for a new situation is what?

A

Adaptive stability

37
Q

On average, how many inches in height and lbs in weight do children add each year?

A

2-3 inches

5 lbs

38
Q

Between 2-6, how many new epiphysis emerge in various parts of the skeleton?

A

45

39
Q

What is an epiphysis?

A

Growth center in which cartilage hardens into bone

40
Q

When do children start losing their baby teeth?

A

End of preschool

41
Q

The left cerebral hemisphere is especially active between what ages?

A

3-6 years and then levels off

42
Q

What neural activities indicate rapid growth from early to middle childhood?

A

Prefrontal cortex devoted to executive function, inhibition of impulses, attention, memory, planning and organized behavior

43
Q

True or false: Perception informs action, actions provide feedback about movement, performance and consequences

A

True

44
Q

Where does affordable fit between?

A

Child and environment

Child Development (12 decks)

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