FINAL- Week 4 Part 2 Flashcards
What is the interactionist perspective?
Interactions between inner capacities and environmental influences
What is the social interactionist view?
A child strives to communication, cueing caregivers to provide language experiences, which help the child relate the content and structure of language to its social meanings
How old are babies when they begin to make vowel-like noises, called cooing?
About 2 mos
Around what age are consonants added and babbling are vowel-consonant combos like “bababa” or “nanana”?
6 mos
How many mos are babies when they start to include sounds common in spoken languages?
7 mos
How many mos are babies when babbling reflects the sound and intonation patterns of children’s language community?
10 mos
What is joint attention?
When the child attends to the same object it event as the caregiver
2-3 mins attention span by 8-9 mos and very well established by 18 mos
Critical foundation for social,
Cognitive and language dev
How old are babies when interactions between caregivers and babies begin to include give and take (ex: peekaboo)?
4-6 mos
How old are babies when they participate actively, practicing the turn- taking patterns of convo?
12 mos
How old are babies when they say their first words?
1 year
True or false:
Overextension is applying a work to a wider collection of objects and events than is appropriate, because they have a hard time recalling suitable words
True
How old are babies when they start saying two word utterances?
18 mos- 24 mos
What are two word utterances called and why?
Telegraphic speech
Because they focus on high content words, omitting smaller, less important ones
What is infant directed speech (IDS)?
A form of communication made up of short sentences with high pitched, exaggerated expression, clear pronunciation, distinct pauses between speech segments and repetition of new words
“See the ball” “the ball bounced!”
What is the preoperational stage?
2-7 years old
Doesn’t consider social- emotional aspects of dev
Make believe play
- one thing represent another
- language
- pretend symbolic play
- new views of symbolism
What is dual representation?
Thinking about an object in 2 ways at once- 3 years old
True or false:
Toddlers use only realistic objects- a toy telephone to talk into or a cup to drink from.
True
True or false:
Early in the fourth year, children become detached participants, making a doll feed itself or pushing a button to launch a rocket
False
THIRD YEAR
Children combine schemas with those of peers in social dramatic play by the end of what year?
Second year
What is egocentrism?
Failure to distinguish others symbolic viewpoints from ones own
Prevents preschoolers from accommodating
Children have difficulty taking the perspective of others
Conversation, centration/ unidimensional thought or irreversibility:
The idea that certain physical characteristics of the objects remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes
Conversation
Conversation, centration/ unidimensional thought or irreversibility:
Focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features
Distracted by the perceptual appearance of objects
Centration or unidimensional thought
Conversation, centration/ unidimensional thought or irreversibility:
Inability to mentally go though a series of steps in a problem and then reverse direction, retiring to starting point
Irreversibility
What is hierarchal classification?
Organization of objects into classes and subclasses on the basis of similarities and differences
True or false:
Piaget believed the foundation of all higher cognitive processes, including controlled attention, deliberate memorization and recall, categorization, planning, problem solving and self reflection
False
VYGOTSKY
What is private speech internalized as?
Silent, inner speech
Scaffolding or guided participation:
Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child’s current level of performance, supports with verbal cues to prompt the child to think on their own
Scaffolding
Scaffolding or guided participation:
A broader concept. Shared endeavors b/n more expert and less expert participants, without specifying the precise features of communication
Guided participation
Between what ages do children demonstrate significant gains in performance on tasks of inhibition and working memory?
Between 3 and 5
What is planning?
Thinking out of a sequence of acts ahead of time and allocating attention accordingly to reach a goal
Changes in speed of processing improves dramatically through childhood and adolescence, when does it begin to decline?
Middle adulthood and continues to late adulthood
Focus, sustained, selective, alternating or divided attention:
Ability to respond discretely to specific visual, auditory or tactile stimuli
Focus attention
Focus, sustained, selective, alternating or divided attention:
Ability to maintain a consistent behavioral response during continuous and repetitive activities
Sustained attention
Focus, sustained, selective, alternating or divided attention:
Capacity to maintain behavior or cognitive set in the face of distraction or competing stimuli
Selective attention
Focus, sustained, selective, alternating or divided attention:
Capacity for mental flexibility that allows the individual to shift their focus of attention and move between tasks
Alternating attention
Focus, sustained, selective, alternating or divided attention:
Highest level of attention and refers to the ability to respond simultaneously to multiple task demands
Divided attention
True or false:
Preschoolers rehearse to remember and they organize, group together items that are alike
False
DO NOT YET REHEARSE
NOR DO THEY ORGANIZE ETC
What is a script?
General descriptions of what occurs and when it occurs in a particular situation
Help children and adults organize and interpret everyday experiences
What contribute to theory of mind?
Language
Executive function
Make believe play
What is metacognition?
Coherent set of ideas about mental activities
“Thinking about thought”
How old are children when they realize thinking takes place inside their head?
Age 3
How old are children when they increasingly refer to their own and others thoughts and beliefs?
Age 3-4
How old are children when they say that both beliefs and desires determine behavior?
Age 4
What refers to knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences and the ability to use the knowledge to “decode” from print to pronunciation?
Phonology
What is phonemic awareness?
Refers to the ability to hear the individual sounds in words and to manipulate these sounds
What are semantics?
Word meaning- develop vocab
What is syntax?
Sentence construction
Learning word ending to show plurality and tense
What is pragmatics?
Refers to social communication and rules
Learn how to use verbal and nonverbal communications to increase range
How old are children when they are skilled conversationalist, face to face interactions, take turns and respond appropriately?
2 years old
How old are children when they adjust their speech to for the age, sex and social status of listeners?
4 years old
