Midterm- Important Definitions Flashcards
What is procedural reasoning?
Organize facts about the clients, environment, occupations, and activity limitations
Problem sensing
What is narrative reasoning?
Assess the clients participation in his or her environments
Narrative story unveil meaningful experienced that engage the child
What is conditional reasoning?
Forming an image of future life possibilities for the reason
Person, occupation, environment and performance
What is pragmatic reasoning?
Important in intervention planning
Practical ways of achieving outcomes
What is a macro system?
Area of focus- Community
Variables- values, beliefs and culture
What is an exosystem?
Area of focus- organization
Variables- meetings, legislative settings, policy boards
What is a mesosystem?
Area of focus- relationships
Variables- parent/ teacher, among families, among children
What is a microsystem?
Area of focus- child
Variables- classroom, child with disabilities
What is the def of person in PEO model?
A unique being who participated in various roles important to him or her
What is the def of environment in PEO model?
Cultural, socioeconomic, institutional, physical and social factors outside a person that affects his or her experience
What is the def of occupation in PEO model?
Any self- directed, functional tasks or activity in which a person engages over the life span
What is the def of impairment?
A problem in body function or structure
What is the def of activity limitations?
A difficulty encounters by an individual in executing a task or action
What is the def of participation restriction?
A problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations
What is operant conditioning?
Relationship b/n behavior and consequences that will shape behavior
What is positive reinforcement?
Something being added to increase the tendency that the goal will happen again
What is negative reinforcement?
Take something away in order to increase the tendency that the behavior will happen again
What is positive punishment?
Something being added in order to decrease the tendency that a targeted behavior will happen again
What is negative punishment?
Something that is being taken away
What is shaping?
Successively or gradually reinforce behaviors that Weill approximate the targeted behavior
What are client centered practices?
Philosophy of respect and partnership
Collab to develop common goals and shared responsibility- “fostering a therapeutic alliance”
Provides choices, allows the client to make activity choices, consider culture and context (COPM, PEGS)
What are strength based approaches?
Identify positive aspects of a child’s behavior
Contrast to the medical world, which focus is on identifying health or performance
OT concerned with full participation in life activities
Consider and make use of full abilities, facilitate greater self efficacy and self determination
What is family centered practice?
Establish relationship and partnership
Share in decision making
Facilitate parental empowerment
Empathy for family
What are the 2 types of family centered practice and explain
1) services that foster positive professional family relationships
2) services that enable family participation in intervention activities
What does ESDM focus on in the social model?
Social cues and interactions
Pivotal response, training and development, relationship based intervention
ESDM- draws on science of learning principles that cut the child’s attention to our faces, voices and actions
What is the def of participation?
Feeling of belonging and engagement
What is the def of self efficacy?
Self constructed judgement about ability to execute behaviors/ reach goals
What does self determination mean?
Acting as the primary causal agent in ones life and making choices and decisions regarding ones quality of like free from outside influences
What is the ecological theory?
Built on social science theory, early Ot models and disability movement
Based on the idea of goodness
What is the def of human ecology?
Interaction between person, environment and occupations
What is the def of environment?
Contexts and situations occur outside the individual and elicits a response
What is contingency of behavior?
Learning from environmental cues when a person exhibits an involuntary, reflexive response to an environmental stimulus and reinforced by a consequence
What is the social cognitive theory?
People determine their own learning by seeking certain experiences and focusing on their goals
What is the cognitive model?
Focus on occupations the child wishes to perform rather than on foundational skill building
What is the peer mediated approaches?
Peer training for modeling appropriate behaviors
What is the sensorimotor performance?
Interaction of many systems
Behavior is emergent and self organizing
During unstable periods, characterized by a high variability if performance, new types of behavior emerge in phase shifts
Periods of change are called?
Transitions
What is simple- complex?
Simple- decision followed by sequence response (reaching for an object)
Complex- integration of info from a variety of sources (handwriting)
What is open and closed loop?
Open- motor program before the action begins and modifying it (throwing a ball)
Closed- child monitors and responds to feedback that intrinsically receives from body and extrinsically that receives from environment (cutting a shape with a scissor)
What are changeable and variable and stationary?
Changeable and variable- child learns to monitor and adapt (running through obstacle course)
Stationary- no change (brushing teeth)
What are new successful interactions called?
Adaptive responses
What does bandura have to do with?
Social cognition and reciprocal determinism
What is social reciprocal determinism?
Model and imitate
Self reflect
Regulate own behavior- based off of consequences you decide if you’ll do it agai
