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Child Development > Midterm- Important Definitions > Flashcards

Midterm- Important Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What is procedural reasoning?

A

Organize facts about the clients, environment, occupations, and activity limitations

Problem sensing

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2
Q

What is narrative reasoning?

A

Assess the clients participation in his or her environments

Narrative story unveil meaningful experienced that engage the child

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3
Q

What is conditional reasoning?

A

Forming an image of future life possibilities for the reason

Person, occupation, environment and performance

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4
Q

What is pragmatic reasoning?

A

Important in intervention planning

Practical ways of achieving outcomes

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5
Q

What is a macro system?

A

Area of focus- Community

Variables- values, beliefs and culture

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6
Q

What is an exosystem?

A

Area of focus- organization

Variables- meetings, legislative settings, policy boards

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7
Q

What is a mesosystem?

A

Area of focus- relationships

Variables- parent/ teacher, among families, among children

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8
Q

What is a microsystem?

A

Area of focus- child

Variables- classroom, child with disabilities

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9
Q

What is the def of person in PEO model?

A

A unique being who participated in various roles important to him or her

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10
Q

What is the def of environment in PEO model?

A

Cultural, socioeconomic, institutional, physical and social factors outside a person that affects his or her experience

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11
Q

What is the def of occupation in PEO model?

A

Any self- directed, functional tasks or activity in which a person engages over the life span

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12
Q

What is the def of impairment?

A

A problem in body function or structure

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13
Q

What is the def of activity limitations?

A

A difficulty encounters by an individual in executing a task or action

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14
Q

What is the def of participation restriction?

A

A problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations

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15
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Relationship b/n behavior and consequences that will shape behavior

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16
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Something being added to increase the tendency that the goal will happen again

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17
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Take something away in order to increase the tendency that the behavior will happen again

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18
Q

What is positive punishment?

A

Something being added in order to decrease the tendency that a targeted behavior will happen again

19
Q

What is negative punishment?

A

Something that is being taken away

20
Q

What is shaping?

A

Successively or gradually reinforce behaviors that Weill approximate the targeted behavior

21
Q

What are client centered practices?

A

Philosophy of respect and partnership

Collab to develop common goals and shared responsibility- “fostering a therapeutic alliance”

Provides choices, allows the client to make activity choices, consider culture and context (COPM, PEGS)

22
Q

What are strength based approaches?

A

Identify positive aspects of a child’s behavior

Contrast to the medical world, which focus is on identifying health or performance

OT concerned with full participation in life activities

Consider and make use of full abilities, facilitate greater self efficacy and self determination

23
Q

What is family centered practice?

A

Establish relationship and partnership

Share in decision making

Facilitate parental empowerment

Empathy for family

24
Q

What are the 2 types of family centered practice and explain

A

1) services that foster positive professional family relationships
2) services that enable family participation in intervention activities

26
Q

What does ESDM focus on in the social model?

A

Social cues and interactions

Pivotal response, training and development, relationship based intervention

ESDM- draws on science of learning principles that cut the child’s attention to our faces, voices and actions

27
Q

What is the def of participation?

A

Feeling of belonging and engagement

28
Q

What is the def of self efficacy?

A

Self constructed judgement about ability to execute behaviors/ reach goals

29
Q

What does self determination mean?

A

Acting as the primary causal agent in ones life and making choices and decisions regarding ones quality of like free from outside influences

31
Q

What is the ecological theory?

A

Built on social science theory, early Ot models and disability movement

Based on the idea of goodness

32
Q

What is the def of human ecology?

A

Interaction between person, environment and occupations

33
Q

What is the def of environment?

A

Contexts and situations occur outside the individual and elicits a response

34
Q

What is contingency of behavior?

A

Learning from environmental cues when a person exhibits an involuntary, reflexive response to an environmental stimulus and reinforced by a consequence

35
Q

What is the social cognitive theory?

A

People determine their own learning by seeking certain experiences and focusing on their goals

36
Q

What is the cognitive model?

A

Focus on occupations the child wishes to perform rather than on foundational skill building

37
Q

What is the peer mediated approaches?

A

Peer training for modeling appropriate behaviors

38
Q

What is the sensorimotor performance?

A

Interaction of many systems

Behavior is emergent and self organizing

During unstable periods, characterized by a high variability if performance, new types of behavior emerge in phase shifts

39
Q

Periods of change are called?

A

Transitions

40
Q

What is simple- complex?

A

Simple- decision followed by sequence response (reaching for an object)

Complex- integration of info from a variety of sources (handwriting)

41
Q

What is open and closed loop?

A

Open- motor program before the action begins and modifying it (throwing a ball)

Closed- child monitors and responds to feedback that intrinsically receives from body and extrinsically that receives from environment (cutting a shape with a scissor)

42
Q

What are changeable and variable and stationary?

A

Changeable and variable- child learns to monitor and adapt (running through obstacle course)

Stationary- no change (brushing teeth)

43
Q

What are new successful interactions called?

A

Adaptive responses

44
Q

What does bandura have to do with?

A

Social cognition and reciprocal determinism

46
Q

What is social reciprocal determinism?

A

Model and imitate

Self reflect

Regulate own behavior- based off of consequences you decide if you’ll do it agai

Child Development (12 decks)

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