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Child Development > Midterm- Week 2 PPT 2 > Flashcards

Midterm- Week 2 PPT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What 5 components influence the child’s ability to use their hands effectively?

A
  • cognition
  • motivation/ attention to task/ focus
  • sensorimotor control
  • sensory perception
  • muscles/ posture
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2
Q

What are the 4 precursors to fine motor development?

A

1) postural control
2) touch perception
3) hand muscle and finger development
4) bilateral coordination

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3
Q

What is postural control?

A

Head, trunk and shoulder girdle stability great a secure base for performance

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4
Q

What is touch perception?

A

Poor tactile perception may result in clumsy inconsistent performance

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5
Q

What is hand muscle and finger muscle dev?

A

Hand and finger muscles must be strong and work together- fine motor dexterity

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6
Q

What is bilateral coordination?

A

Ability to use both sides of the body together

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7
Q

What are the 3 stages of motor learning for grasp?

A

1) exploratory- 3-5 months
2) perceptual learning/ transitional stage- 6-12 months
3) skill achievement/ adaptability and flexibility- 12-24 months

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8
Q

What is the exploratory stage for grasp?

A

Infants squeeze object without using their thumb

Can not move or manipulate objects in hand

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9
Q

What is the perceptual learning/ transitional stage for grasp?

A

Radial Palmer and radial digital grasping starts to engage

Infant starts to use thumbs to grasp objects

Infant cannot move object within hand but can move object hand to hand and explore with mouth

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10
Q

What is the skill achievement/ adaptability and flexibility stage for grasp?

A

Infant demonstrates pincer grasp (12 months)

Precision release (18 months)

Grasp is dynamic, allowing tool use (2 years)

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11
Q

What are the 3 stages of motor learning for reach?

A

1) exploratory- 1-3 months
2) perceptual learning/ transitional stage- 3-6 months
3) skill achievement/ adaptability and flexibility- 6-9 months

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12
Q

What is the exploratory stage for reach?

A

Swipes at objects

Reach is inaccurate

Infant cannot combine reach and grasp

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13
Q

What is the perceptual learning/ transitional stage for reach?

A

More accurate and direct

Reaches into midline

Combines reach and grasp with both hands by 6 months

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14
Q

What is the skill achievement/ adaptability and flexibility stage for reach?

A

Reaches with one or 2 hands

Accurate and direct reach

Can change direction of reach midstream

Can reach in all directions by 8-9 months

Reach is smooth and efficient

Easily combines reach and grasp and can carry objects in space

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15
Q

What are pre writing dev for a child 1-2 years old?

A

Scribbling

Imitating vertical and horizontal lines and circular scribbles

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16
Q

What are pre writing dev for a child 2-3 years old?

A

Imitating cross

Copying vertical line, horizontal line and circle

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17
Q

What are pre writing dev for a child 3-4 years old?

A

Drawing a circle without a model

18
Q

What are pre writing dev for a child 4-5 years old?

A

Imitating a square

Copying cross, square, right and left diagonal lines, X shape, some letters and numbers

May be able to write own name

Drawing a recognizable face with eyes, nose and mouth

Drawing a stick figure with 2-4 body parts

Coloring under a circle

19
Q

What are pre writing dev for a child 5-6 years old?

A

Copying triangle

Printing own name

Copying most capital and lowercase letters

Drawing a person with at least 6 body parts

20
Q

What is a reflexive grasp?

A

Newborn to 2 months

Hand closes on objects placed into palm

Arms move asymmetrically

Unable to voluntarily release

21
Q

What is a voluntary grasp?

A

2-3 months- Indwelling thumbs disappear

Reaches to toy without grasp

Hands at midline

22
Q

What is a crude Palmer grasp?

A

4 months

Thumb is not active

Thumb comes out of palm

Toy is held with palmar grasp

23
Q

What is the ulnar palmar grasp?

A

5 months

Adjust hand to object using vision and touch

Toy in ulnar side of hand with forearm pronated and wrist neutral

24
Q

What is the raking grasp?

A

6 months

Using whole hand to grasp small objects

Hold bottle independently

Finder extension
Thumb opposition

25
Q

What is the radial Palmer grasp?

A

7 months

Toy in palm with thumb adducted

Reaches for and transfers objects

Bangs objects and transfers object

26
Q

What is the developmental scissors grasp?

A

8 months

Crawling and weight bearing with shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand

Objects held with thumb and lateral index finger

27
Q

What is the inferior pincer grasp?

A

9 months

Partial supination

Can hold a spoon

Wrists extended

Both hands equal

Voluntary release

Objects held distal- radial side of index finger and thumb

28
Q

What is the gross grasp on crayon?

A

10-12 months

Holds crayon with whole hand

Takes objects out of container

Puts object in open hand

Tool use

Pokes with index finger

Spoon to mouth

29
Q

What is the superior pincer grasp?

A

10-12 mos

Thumb to index finger tip

30
Q

What is the fine pincer grasp?

A

12-14 months

Controlled arm movements

Grasping and releasing object

Don’t need hands for movements

Fingertips to fingertip of index finger and thumb

31
Q

What happens between 14-17 months?

A

Understand objects purpose

Use one hands for stabilization and the other for manipulation

32
Q

What is the forearm neutral palmar grasp?

A

18 months

Uses fingertip grasp

Thumb opposition is good

Differentiate the two side of the hand

Marker held in palmar grasp with neutral forearm

33
Q

What happens between 19-24 months?

A

Hand preference established

34
Q

What is the digital pronated grasp?

A

2-3 years

Increasing control to release small objects into small hole

Holds marker in tips of fingers and forearm pronated

In hand manipulation

35
Q

What is the static tripod grasp and spherical grasp?

A

3-4 years

Can unbottom and unzip

Draws and cute simple shapes with scissors

Marker in static position with thumb, index and long finger

Spherical grasp- opening a jar lid

Draws and cute simple shapes with scissors

Feeds self neatly with utensils

36
Q

What is the dynamic tripod grasp?

A

4-5 years

Hand dominance established for skilled activities

Marker in dynamic three finger/ thumb manner with wrist extended

37
Q

When is the overall grasp patterns established?

A

5 years and older

Finger movement and reactions faster

38
Q

What happens between 10-16 years old?

A

Hand eye coordination refined

Master complex skills

39
Q

What are the mature pencil grasp?

A

Dynamic tripod- pointer, thumb and middle finger

dynamic quadrupod grasp- pointer, middle finger, thumb and ring finger

Pencil sits on the skin between pointer and thumb area

40
Q

What is the most efficient and least fatiguing grasp?

A

Lateral tripod- pointer, thumb and middle finger

lateral quadrupod grasp- pointer, middle finger, thumb and middle finger

Pencil sits on the side of pointer finger

41
Q

What are 2 other pencil holds that provide extra stability and control?

A

Adaptive/ alternative pencil holds

42
Q

What are 3 immature grasp patterns?

A

Static tripod grasp

Interdigital grasp

Lateral thumb wrapped grasp

Child Development (12 decks)

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