MIDTERM REVIEW

Question 1

How many chromosomes are in a “normal” human karyotype?

Answer 1

46

Question 2

How would Down’s syndrome be deteced on a karyotype?

Answer 2

1 extra chromsome on the 23rd

Question 3

What is the difference between point mutation and chromosomal mutation?

Answer 3

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide| Chromosomal mutation is a change in structure.

Question 4

What is produced during transcription

Answer 4

mRNA

Question 5

What is produced during translation?

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

Base pair rule in DNA

Answer 6

AT GC

Question 7

Genes contain instructions for assembling what?

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

What can a karyotype show?

Answer 8

Down Symdrome, Turner’s Symdrome, gender

Question 9

What are the sex chromosomes of a male?

Answer 9

XY

Question 10

What are the sex chromosomes of a female?

Answer 10

XX

Question 11

What sex chromosomes does a father give to his child

Answer 11

Y

Question 12

What sex chromosomes does a mother give to her child?

Answer 12

X

Question 13

What is a genotype?

Answer 13

Dd

Question 14

What is a phenotype?

Answer 14

Physical expression of a genotype

Question 15

If a mother is blood type A and a father is B can they have an O baby

Answer 15

YES

Question 16

Most sex-linked genes are located where?

Answer 16

X chromosome

Question 17

Why is colorblindness more common in males than in females?

Answer 17

It’s a sex linked trait

Question 18

What can DNA Fingerprinting be used for?

Answer 18

Finding out parents to a child or finding guilt in a court case.

Question 19

What are restriction enzymes and what do they do?

Answer 19

Restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules

Question 20

What is gel electrophoresis and what can it be used to determine?

Answer 20

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size

Question 21

What are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 21

DNA’s base pairs are AT and GC but RNA its AU and GC.

Question 22

What is codominance?

Answer 22

Codominance is two colors being shown on one entity.

Question 23

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 23

Incomplete dominance is when a recessive mixes with a dominant color and turns into a mix. EX: Black mouse and white mouse has gray mouse.

Question 24

What is a polygenic trait?

Answer 24

Traits that are controlled by multiple genes.

Question 25

What is a haploid?

Answer 25

Eggs and sperm

Question 26

What is a diploid?

Answer 26

Regular cells!

Question 27

What is selective breeding and what does it produce?

Answer 27

choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics.

Question 28

What is a pedigree tree and what can it be used for?

Answer 28

A family tree of genetics| can be used to track disorders through a family.

Question 29

What is homozygous dominant?

Answer 29

DD

Question 30

Homozygous recessive

Answer 30

dd

Question 31

Heterozygous

Answer 31

Dd

Question 32

Autotroph

Answer 32

A plant that makes it’s own food.

Question 33

Heterotroph

Answer 33

An animal that cant get it’s food by making it but by eating something.

Question 34

What is cell specialization?

Answer 34

Cardiac Cells

Question 35

What is the same in every cell in the body

Answer 35

DNA

Question 36

Why must cells divide?

Answer 36

Grow, heal, reproduce

Question 37

What has to separate during DNA replication?

Answer 37

Weak hydrogen bonds.

Question 38

What is produced during DNA replication?

Answer 38

An exact copy of the original strand.

Question 39

What is the process of DNA replication?

Answer 39

Unzipping, priming the template strands and the new DNA segment forming.