MIDTERM REVIEW Flashcards
How many chromosomes are in a “normal” human karyotype?
46
How would Down’s syndrome be deteced on a karyotype?
1 extra chromsome on the 23rd
What is the difference between point mutation and chromosomal mutation?
A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide| Chromosomal mutation is a change in structure.
What is produced during transcription
mRNA
What is produced during translation?
Proteins
Base pair rule in DNA
AT GC
Genes contain instructions for assembling what?
Proteins
What can a karyotype show?
Down Symdrome, Turner’s Symdrome, gender
What are the sex chromosomes of a male?
XY
What are the sex chromosomes of a female?
XX
What sex chromosomes does a father give to his child
Y
What sex chromosomes does a mother give to her child?
X
What is a genotype?
Dd
What is a phenotype?
Physical expression of a genotype
If a mother is blood type A and a father is B can they have an O baby
YES
Most sex-linked genes are located where?
X chromosome
Why is colorblindness more common in males than in females?
It’s a sex linked trait
What can DNA Fingerprinting be used for?
Finding out parents to a child or finding guilt in a court case.
What are restriction enzymes and what do they do?
Restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules
What is gel electrophoresis and what can it be used to determine?
Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size
What are the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA’s base pairs are AT and GC but RNA its AU and GC.
What is codominance?
Codominance is two colors being shown on one entity.
What is incomplete dominance?
Incomplete dominance is when a recessive mixes with a dominant color and turns into a mix. EX: Black mouse and white mouse has gray mouse.
What is a polygenic trait?
Traits that are controlled by multiple genes.
