3.3.22 Flashcards
Gametes
Sex Cells
Female gametes contain 1 X chromosome
Male gametes contain 1 X and 1 Y chromosome
Fertilization
The union of sperm and egg
Pollination
Transfer of male poillen grains to the female part of the flower.
Allele
Same gene different option (eye color, hair color)
P1
Parent generation
F1
Offspring of parents (1st filial)
Homologous Chromosomes
Paired chromosomes of a diploid cell
Somatic Cell
Body cell| Any cell except a sex cell
Zygote
Cell resulting from union of egg and sperm
Crossing over
When homogolous chromosomes are so close they exchange genetic material.
Codominant alleles
Neither trait takes over
Incomplete Dominance
When traits are blended.
EX: black and white mouse have a gray mouse.
Multiple alleles
Some traits are controlled by more than 2 alleles
Autosomes
Pairs of chromosomes that are not the sex chromosomes
Ex: humans have 22
Genetic Variation
Sex and Mutation
Sex-linked traits
Controlled by genes located on the sex chromosome
Polygenix inheritance
Inheritance pattern controlled by 2 or more genes
Testcross
Crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with one of a known genotype
Carriers
Heterozygous individual
Inbreeding
Mating between closely related individuals
What is a mule known as?
A hybrid
Almost all hybrids are what
Sterile
Hybrids are
When 2 closely related species are crossed
Aneuploidy
Having an abnormal number of chromosomes
