Cell Cycle Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

In large animals how long can nerve cells get?

A

1 meter

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2
Q

What is the largest single cell?

A

Ostrich Egg

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3
Q

How large are most cells?

A

2 - 200 μM

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

The carriers of genetic material; passed on from generation to generation

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5
Q

Chromatinm

A

Stands of DNA wrapped around protein structures; long, threadlike

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6
Q

What does chromatin do before forming chromosomes?

A

Coils, shorts and thickens before cell division

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7
Q

What phase does a cell spend most of it’s time in?

A

Interphase

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8
Q

What happens in interphase?

A

Cell grows in size, centrioles replicate, and DNA is duplicated.

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9
Q

What happens in Mitosis?

A

Process of nuclear division followed by division of the cytoplasm.

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10
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm

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11
Q

What happens in the prophase of Mitosis?

A

1) Chromatin coils into visible chromosomes
2) Nuclear envelope disappears
3) Centrioles move towards poles

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12
Q

What happens in the metaphase of mitosis?

A

1) Chromosomes meet in the equator

2) Spindle fibers attach to each chromatid at the centromere

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13
Q

What happens in the Anaphase of Mitosis?

A

1) Centromeres split and sister

2) Chromatids are pulled apart to the opposite ends of the cells (poles)

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14
Q

What happens in the Telophase of Mitosis

A

1) Cytoplasm divides
2) Nuclear envelope appears
3) Chromosomes uncoil

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15
Q

Parts of a Chromosome

A

Sister Chromatids

Centromere

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16
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

2 halves, left vs. right, of a chromosome

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17
Q

Centromere

A

Where the 2 chromatids are joined

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18
Q

Cancer

A

An uncontrolled division of cells caused by failure to produce or over production of a certain enzyme.

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19
Q

Gene

A

Segment of DNA that controls the production of protein.

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20
Q

Unwound DNA is called

A

Nucleosomes

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21
Q

Pieces of protein that DNA will grab and take the DNA to compress tighter

A

Histone

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22
Q

Diffusion

A

Takes faction of a second for glucose or oxygen to get across the plasma membrane.

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23
Q

Centimeter of a meter

A

1/100

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24
Q

Millimeter of meter

A

1/1000 of a meter

25
Q

Micron of a meter

A

1/10000 of a meter

26
Q

3 reasons why cell size is limited

A

Diffusion - it’s random and it could takes weeks to get certain things across plasma membrane.

One nucleus - some cells have many nuclei; Giant amoeba has 1,000 nuclei because of the way their formed/ the way they move

Volume increased more quickly than the surface area

27
Q

If your surface area increased by 2 what does your volume increase by?

A

8

28
Q

What happens if a cell gets too big?

A

You would die.

29
Q

Man has what chromosomes

A

XY

30
Q

Women have what chromosomes

A

XX

31
Q

2(23) 23 from mom, 23 from dad.

A

46 chromosomes total

32
Q

Ploids are

A

Sets

33
Q

Diploids are

A

2 sets

34
Q

Humans are Diploids meaning?

A

You have 2 sets of chromosomes. 2(n) is commonly known

35
Q

How many chromosomes does a dog have?

A

78!

36
Q

Total number of chromosomes always have to be

A

Even numbers

2,4,6,8,10,26,98,106

37
Q

Anaphase

A

Pulling apart of chromosomes

38
Q

In bacteria DNA isnt ____

A

Bound by a membrane

39
Q

When DNA is in the form of a chromosome it cannot

A

Unzip

40
Q

How long does the first phase take in interphase

A

11 hours

41
Q

How long does the 2nd phase of Interphase take

A

7 hours

42
Q

How long does the 3rd phase in interphase take?

A
43
Q

How long does the 4th phase in interphase take?

A
44
Q

Mitosis simplified

A

Move DNA around and split into 2 cells.

45
Q

Cytokinesis means

A

Movement of cells

46
Q

Cytokinesis; do plants partake?

A

Nope

47
Q

Rather than going through cytokinesis, what does a plant do?

A

It builds a wall; a plate

48
Q

What is not part of the cell cycle?

A

Cytokinesis! Because plamnts do not partake.

49
Q

Do I see chromosomes?

A

If you see the nucleus there aren’t chromosomes

50
Q

If you see chromosomes then its in ___________ phase of Mitosis

A

Prophase, phase 1

51
Q

If you see 2 chromosomes in the middle then it’s in ________ phase of mitosis

A

Metaphase (M for Middle, and metaphase)

52
Q

Centrioles are located where?

A

On the edges/ poles

53
Q

If the chromosomes are coming apart then its in __________ phase of mitosis

A

Anaphase

54
Q

Opposite of Prophase

A

Telaphase

55
Q

Melanoma

A

Deadliest skin cancer

56
Q

Apoptosis

A

The regular shedding of shells

57
Q

Can you catch cancer?

A

No

58
Q

HeLa Cells are

A

The base of all cancer cells on the planet

59
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Kills the cancer as well as you.. But not