Cell Cycle Notes

Question 1

In large animals how long can nerve cells get?

Answer 1

1 meter

Question 2

What is the largest single cell?

Answer 2

Ostrich Egg

Question 3

How large are most cells?

Answer 3

2 - 200 μM

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

The carriers of genetic material; passed on from generation to generation

Question 5

Chromatinm

Answer 5

Stands of DNA wrapped around protein structures; long, threadlike

Question 6

What does chromatin do before forming chromosomes?

Answer 6

Coils, shorts and thickens before cell division

Question 7

What phase does a cell spend most of it’s time in?

Answer 7

Interphase

Question 8

What happens in interphase?

Answer 8

Cell grows in size, centrioles replicate, and DNA is duplicated.

Question 9

What happens in Mitosis?

Answer 9

Process of nuclear division followed by division of the cytoplasm.

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 11

What happens in the prophase of Mitosis?

Answer 11

1) Chromatin coils into visible chromosomes
2) Nuclear envelope disappears
3) Centrioles move towards poles

Question 12

What happens in the metaphase of mitosis?

Answer 12

1) Chromosomes meet in the equator

2) Spindle fibers attach to each chromatid at the centromere

Question 13

What happens in the Anaphase of Mitosis?

Answer 13

1) Centromeres split and sister

2) Chromatids are pulled apart to the opposite ends of the cells (poles)

Question 14

What happens in the Telophase of Mitosis

Answer 14

1) Cytoplasm divides
2) Nuclear envelope appears
3) Chromosomes uncoil

Question 15

Parts of a Chromosome

Answer 15

Sister Chromatids

Centromere

Question 16

Sister Chromatids

Answer 16

2 halves, left vs. right, of a chromosome

Question 17

Centromere

Answer 17

Where the 2 chromatids are joined

Question 18

Cancer

Answer 18

An uncontrolled division of cells caused by failure to produce or over production of a certain enzyme.

Question 19

Gene

Answer 19

Segment of DNA that controls the production of protein.

Question 20

Unwound DNA is called

Answer 20

Nucleosomes

Question 21

Pieces of protein that DNA will grab and take the DNA to compress tighter

Answer 21

Histone

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Takes faction of a second for glucose or oxygen to get across the plasma membrane.

Question 23

Centimeter of a meter

Answer 23

1/100

Question 24

Millimeter of meter

Answer 24

1/1000 of a meter

Question 25

Micron of a meter

Answer 25

1/10000 of a meter

Question 26

3 reasons why cell size is limited

Answer 26

Diffusion - it’s random and it could takes weeks to get certain things across plasma membrane. One nucleus - some cells have many nuclei; Giant amoeba has 1,000 nuclei because of the way their formed/ the way they move Volume increased more quickly than the surface area

Question 27

If your surface area increased by 2 what does your volume increase by?

Answer 27

8

Question 28

What happens if a cell gets too big?

Answer 28

You would die.

Question 29

Man has what chromosomes

Answer 29

XY

Question 30

Women have what chromosomes

Answer 30

XX

Question 31

2(23) 23 from mom, 23 from dad.

Answer 31

46 chromosomes total

Question 32

Ploids are

Answer 32

Sets

Question 33

Diploids are

Answer 33

2 sets

Question 34

Humans are Diploids meaning?

Answer 34

You have 2 sets of chromosomes. 2(n) is commonly known

Question 35

How many chromosomes does a dog have?

Answer 35

78!

Question 36

Total number of chromosomes always have to be

Answer 36

Even numbers | 2,4,6,8,10,26,98,106

Question 37

Anaphase

Answer 37

Pulling apart of chromosomes

Question 38

In bacteria DNA isnt ____

Answer 38

Bound by a membrane

Question 39

When DNA is in the form of a chromosome it cannot

Answer 39

Unzip

Question 40

How long does the first phase take in interphase

Answer 40

11 hours

Question 41

How long does the 2nd phase of Interphase take

Answer 41

7 hours

Question 42

How long does the 3rd phase in interphase take?

Question 43

How long does the 4th phase in interphase take?

Question 44

Mitosis simplified

Answer 44

Move DNA around and split into 2 cells.

Question 45

Cytokinesis means

Answer 45

Movement of cells

Question 46

Cytokinesis; do plants partake?

Answer 46

Nope

Question 47

Rather than going through cytokinesis, what does a plant do?

Answer 47

It builds a wall; a plate

Question 48

What is not part of the cell cycle?

Answer 48

Cytokinesis! Because plamnts do not partake.

Question 49

Do I see chromosomes?

Answer 49

If you see the nucleus there aren’t chromosomes

Question 50

If you see chromosomes then its in ___________ phase of Mitosis

Answer 50

Prophase, phase 1

Question 51

If you see 2 chromosomes in the middle then it’s in ________ phase of mitosis

Answer 51

Metaphase (M for Middle, and metaphase)

Question 52

Centrioles are located where?

Answer 52

On the edges/ poles

Question 53

If the chromosomes are coming apart then its in __________ phase of mitosis

Answer 53

Anaphase

Question 54

Opposite of Prophase

Answer 54

Telaphase

Question 55

Melanoma

Answer 55

Deadliest skin cancer

Question 56

Apoptosis

Answer 56

The regular shedding of shells

Question 57

Can you catch cancer?

Answer 57

No

Question 58

HeLa Cells are

Answer 58

The base of all cancer cells on the planet

Question 59

Chemotherapy

Answer 59

Kills the cancer as well as you.. But not