Cell Cycle Notes Flashcards
In large animals how long can nerve cells get?
1 meter
What is the largest single cell?
Ostrich Egg
How large are most cells?
2 - 200 μM
Chromosomes
The carriers of genetic material; passed on from generation to generation
Chromatinm
Stands of DNA wrapped around protein structures; long, threadlike
What does chromatin do before forming chromosomes?
Coils, shorts and thickens before cell division
What phase does a cell spend most of it’s time in?
Interphase
What happens in interphase?
Cell grows in size, centrioles replicate, and DNA is duplicated.
What happens in Mitosis?
Process of nuclear division followed by division of the cytoplasm.
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
What happens in the prophase of Mitosis?
1) Chromatin coils into visible chromosomes
2) Nuclear envelope disappears
3) Centrioles move towards poles
What happens in the metaphase of mitosis?
1) Chromosomes meet in the equator
2) Spindle fibers attach to each chromatid at the centromere
What happens in the Anaphase of Mitosis?
1) Centromeres split and sister
2) Chromatids are pulled apart to the opposite ends of the cells (poles)
What happens in the Telophase of Mitosis
1) Cytoplasm divides
2) Nuclear envelope appears
3) Chromosomes uncoil
Parts of a Chromosome
Sister Chromatids
Centromere
Sister Chromatids
2 halves, left vs. right, of a chromosome
Centromere
Where the 2 chromatids are joined
Cancer
An uncontrolled division of cells caused by failure to produce or over production of a certain enzyme.
Gene
Segment of DNA that controls the production of protein.
Unwound DNA is called
Nucleosomes
Pieces of protein that DNA will grab and take the DNA to compress tighter
Histone
Diffusion
Takes faction of a second for glucose or oxygen to get across the plasma membrane.
Centimeter of a meter
1/100