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HEMATOLOGY > midterm - LABORATORY EVALUATION > Flashcards

midterm - LABORATORY EVALUATION Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers formed in hematocrit

A

buffy coat
plasma
rbc

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2
Q

sealant parts

A

wax and clay

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3
Q

a measure of Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

A

Hematocrit

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4
Q

is the volume of packed RBCs that occupies
a given volume of whole blood

A

Hematocrit (Hct)

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5
Q

principle of hematocrit

A

Anticoagulated whole blood is centrifuged, and the total volume of the red cell mass is
expressed as a percentage or a decimal
fraction

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6
Q

manner of reporing for hematocrit

A

decimal L/L or percentage

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7
Q

Methods of Hematocrit Determination

A
  1. Wintrobe Method
    ⚫Double oxalate
    2.Haden’s Modification Method
    ⚫1.1% Na citrate
    3.Van Allen’s Method
    ⚫1.6% Na citrate
  2. Sanford – Magath Method
    ⚫ 1.3% NA citrate
  3. Bray’s Method
    ⚫ Heparin
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8
Q

method of collection of macrohematocrit

A

venipuncture

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9
Q

method of collection of microhematocrit

A

skin puncture

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10
Q

amount of blood for macrohematocrit

A

larger

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11
Q

amount of blood for microhematocrit

A

smaller

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12
Q

rcf for macrohematocrit

A

2000 to 2300 rpm

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13
Q

rcf for microhematocrit

A

10 000 - 12 000 rpm

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14
Q

time of centrifugation for macrohematocrit

A

longer 30 mns

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15
Q

time of centrifugation for microhematocrit

A

shorter 3-5 mns

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16
Q

can we perform esr in microhematocrit

A

nope, only in macro

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17
Q

spilling and leakage for macro

A

not common

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18
Q

spilling and leakage for micro

A

common

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19
Q

breakage of buffy coat in macro

A

not common

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20
Q

breakage of buffy coat in micro

A

common

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21
Q

separation of buffy coat in macro

A

complete

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22
Q

separation of buffy coat in micro

A

not complete

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23
Q

reference value for hematocrit

A

male - 42 - 54%
female - 35 - 49%

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24
Q

⚫Increased Hct values occur in

A

⚫Erythrocytosis
⚫Polycythemia vera
⚫Shock , when hemocentration rise
considererably

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25
Q

Decreased values are indicator of anemia

A

⚫Leukemia , lymphomas
⚫Adrenal insufficiency
⚫Chronic disease
⚫Acute and chronic blood loss

26
Q

Hct may or may not be reliable immediately after even a moderate loss of blood or immediate
transfusion

true or false

A

true

27
Q

Interfering Factors for hematocit

A

⚫High altitude
⚫NV vary with age and gender
⚫Lower value in men and women older than 60 y/o
⚫Severe dehydration from any cause falsely raises the hct

28
Q

Sources of Error in Hematocrit Determination

A
  1. Speed and duration of centrifugation Decrease in centrifugal force will result in more trapped plasma in between red cells.
  2. Type and amount of anticoagulant
    Excess anticoagulant causes shrinkage of cells
  3. Integrity in the length and diameter of the tube
  4. Errors in the sample, improper techniques in the collection of venous and capillary blood.
  5. Failure to mix the blood properly before sampling
  6. Leakage of blood in the case of micro hematocrit.
  7. Errors in taking the reading and calculating the result.
29
Q

the process of enumerating blood cells

A

Hemocytometry

30
Q

capillary tube size

A

75 mm

31
Q

filling the capillary tube for ___

A

3/4

32
Q

is anemia a secondary condition?

A

yes

33
Q

remaining in packed cell volume are called

A

trapped plasma - causing falsely increase in the hcv

34
Q

total ruled area of hemacytometer

A

9 square meter

35
Q

Macroscopically the hemacytometer is

A

3-mm x 3-mm square separated by an H-shaped moat

36
Q

1 big square has a size of

A

1 mm

37
Q

the 4 corner quadrants in the hemocytometer is for

A

wbc

38
Q

the center quadrant is for

A

rbc and platelet

39
Q

in 1 big square, how many squares do it have?

A

16

40
Q

in the central square, how many squares it has?

A

25 squares

41
Q

the distance between each counting surface and coverslip
(depth) is ___

A

0.10 mm

42
Q

WBC Diluting Fluid

A
  1. 2-3% glacial acetic acid
  2. 1% HCl added with 1 drop of methyl violet or crystal violet
43
Q

Criteria of Good WBC Diluting Fluid

A
  1. should be hypotonic
  2. should color/stain the nuclei of white blood cells
44
Q

Reference Range for wbc counting

A

4.5-11.5 x 10⁹/L

45
Q

WBC Count must be corrected if 5 or more NRBCs are counted
on differential count since NRBCs present in the sample are not
lysed by the diluting fluid and counted as WBC

A

Corrected WBC Count

46
Q

represents the number of WBCs in 1 liter of whole blood

A

White Blood Cell Count

47
Q

Reference Range: for rbc counting

A

Male: 4.6-6.0 x 10ˈ²/L
Female: 4.0-5.4 x 10ˈ²/L

48
Q

RBC Diluting Fluids

A
  1. Hayem’s Fluid
  2. Gower’s Solution
  3. Toisson’s Fluid
  4. Dacie’s or Formol Citrate Solution
  5. Bethel’s Fluid
  6. NSS or Physiologic Salt Solution
  7. 3.8% Sodium Citrate
49
Q

v this is considered the best diluent .
v It keeps for a long time and does not alter
the shape of the cells

for rbc diluting fluid

A

Dacies Fluid ( Formol Citrate)

50
Q

composition of rbc diluting fluid dacies

A

40 % formaldehyde 10 ml
3% w/v disodium citrate 990 ml

51
Q

Hayem’s Diluting Fluid composition

A

⚫ Mercuric chloride 1 g
⚫ Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous 4.4 g

52
Q

Gower’s Solution- prevents rouleaux formationn composition

A
  • Sodium sulfate anhydrous 12.5 g
  • Glacial acetic acid 33.3 ml
  • Distilled water 200 ml
53
Q

an rbc diluent that is high specific gravity and stains the
WBC

A

toisson’s fluid

54
Q

toisson’s fluid’s composition

A

-Na chloride 1.0 gram
- NaSo4 8.0 grams
Glycerin 30.0 grams
Methyl violet 0.25 grams
Distilled Water 180 ml

55
Q

rbc diulent that is sed in emergency cases,
used in the presence of rouleaux formation and
autoagglutination of cells

A

Normal Saline Solution

56
Q

Criteria of Good RBC Diluting Fluid

A
  1. Must be an isotonic solution
  2. Has a good preservative
  3. Does not initiate the growth of molds
    and yeast
  4. With a high specific gravity
  5. With buffer action
  6. Cheap and easy to prepare
57
Q

40% formaldehde - 10 ml

A

preserve rbc

58
Q

disodium citrate - 990 ml

A

prevent coagulation

59
Q

Criteria of Good RBC Diluting Fluid

A
  1. Must be an isotonic solution
  2. Has a good preservative
  3. Does not initiate the growth of molds
    and yeast
  4. With a high specific gravity
  5. With buffer action
  6. Cheap and easy to prepare
60
Q

the value of the hematocrit should be three times the value of
hemoglobin (+3)

A

Rule of Three

61
Q
A

HEMATOLOGY (11 decks)

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