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HEMATOLOGY > FINALS - ANEMIA P2 > Flashcards

FINALS - ANEMIA P2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia due to mechanical extracorpuscular abnormality

A
  • Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)
     thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
     hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
  • Traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia
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2
Q

is a group of clinical disorders characterized by RBC fragmentation
in the circulation resulting in intravascular hemolysis

A

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

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3
Q

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

fragmentation occurs as a result of:

A

RBCs passing through fibrin deposits inside the lumen of
arterioles and capillaries

damaged epithelium and vessel walls

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4
Q

Lab findings of Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

A

anemia (low hgb, hct), presence of
schistocytes

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5
Q

MAHA is characterized by schistocytes or also called as

A

helmet cell

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6
Q

4 Disorders/conditions of MAHA:

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
Disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC)
hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet levels (HELLP)

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7
Q

is rare and potentially fatal characterized by disseminated
thrombotic occlusions of the microcirculation.

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

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8
Q

Ecchymosis largest
purpura - 2nd to the largest
petechiae - 3rd

true or false

A

true

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9
Q

caused by deposition of microthrombi that contain platelets
and von Willebrand factor in arterioles and capillaries of many
organs can be found commonly in adults and can be seen also in children
but rare

thrombi - clots
von willebrand factor - adhesion

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

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10
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

severe microangiopathic anemia caused by E. coli serotype ___

A

0:157 H7

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11
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) difference to TTP

A

same thrombocytopenia (dec platelets)
both chance of bleeding

renal failure is only for HUS

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12
Q

causes of Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

 renal failure
 thrombocytopenia (dec platelets)
 mucocutaneous hemorrhage

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13
Q

Lab findings of HUS

A

schistocytes, gastroenteritis (bloody diarrhea,
develops after 1-3 days), affected and kidney

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14
Q

Characterized by a widespread activation of the hemostatic
system, once it was activated it results into fibrin and thrombi
formation, kaya merong pagbara

A

Disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC)

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15
Q

is Disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC) as well a secondary complication?

A

yes

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16
Q

a condition of MAHA that is a very serious complication during pregnancy

A

hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet levels (HELLP)

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17
Q

anemia is caused by injury and fragmentation RBCs exposed to high shear stresses on a foreign surface during cardiac surgery

A

Traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia/ Macrovascular
hemoglobinuria

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18
Q

Lab findings of Traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia/ Macrovascular
hemoglobinuria

A

presence of schistocytes, inc. reticulocytes, dec.
platelets, inc. LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme found in
nearly all living cells

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19
Q

cardiac surgery nagkakaron ng hemolysis, magiging normal after the surgery

A

Traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia/ Macrovascular
hemoglobinuria

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20
Q

MARCH HEMOGLOBINURIA is also known as

A

Sports anemia

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21
Q

Sports anemia, wherein there is a destruction of RBC due to

A

o Extreme Training
o Marching for many hours

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22
Q

Laboratory findings of
MARCH HEMOGLOBINURIA

A

o Destruction of RBC/Schistocytes
o Decrease Hct and Hgb
o Macrocytic: Tea colored urine
o Increase in Retics

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23
Q

ANEMIA DUE TO INFECTIONS

A
  1. malaria
  2. Babesiosis
  3. Bartonellosis (Carrion disease)
  4. Erlichiosis
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24
Q

Acute, chronic or recurrent febrile protozoan infection
transmitted by the bite of the female Anopheles
mosquito.

A

malaria

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25
Q

Can cause anemia by the rupture of infected cells at the
end of the asexual cycle

A

Malaria

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26
Q

Amount of hemolysis is related to the number of RBC
parasitized by the plasmodium

A

Malaria

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27
Q

Medication for malaria

A

quinine

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28
Q

Laboratory findings of Malaria

A

i. Decrease survival rate of RBC (Does not
reach 120 days)
ii. Spherocytosis

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29
Q

An uncommon hemolytic disorder caused by protozoan
babesia microti

A

Babesiosis

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30
Q

It can the transmitted either from deer, mice to humans
by vector (Ixodes dammini) or blood transfusion

A

Babesiosis

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31
Q

Babesiosis treatement

A

Clindamycin

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32
Q

Caused by B. bacilliformis transmitted by the sandfly

A

Bartonellosis (Carrion disease)

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33
Q

Two clinical stages of Bartonellosis (Carrion disease)

A

Oroya fever
Veruga pernuana

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34
Q

Oroya fever AKA ___

A

Autoimmune hemolytic
anemia or AHA

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35
Q

Veruga pernuana has a clinical manifestation of

A

 Blisters
 Swelling to the highest level

36
Q

Diagnosis for Bartonellosis (Carrion disease)

A

Blood culture

37
Q

Disease caused by a small intracellular bacateria, ehlichia transmitted by ticks to humans

A

Erlichiosis

38
Q

LABORATORY TEST OF ANEMIA DUE TO INFECTION

A
  1. CBC
  2. Peripheral smear
    Species of malarial parasite
  3. Reticulocyte count increases because of lysis
  4. Serological test
39
Q

ANEMIA DUE TO CHEMICAL AND PHYSIAL AGENTS

A
  1. Drugs and chemicals
  2. Venom
  3. Thermal injury
40
Q

Caused by oxidative denaturation of hemoglobin
leading to the formation of:

A

i. Methemoglobin
ii. Sulfhemoglobin
iii. Heinz bodiess and chemicals

41
Q

Example of Drugs and chemicals

A

i. Naphthalene (Moth balls)
ii. Dapsone (for leprosy)
iii. Arsenic, copper, lead (for intravascular
hemolysis)

42
Q

Venom will cause

A

lysis

43
Q

Brown recluse spider (loxoscheles reclusa)

A

venom

44
Q

 Third 3rd degree burns
 Damage to RBC circulating in he involved skin and
tissues leading to hemolysis

A

third injury

45
Q

H.
Spherocytosis

Type of inheritance:

A

Abnormal Autosomal

46
Q

Physical feature of H.
Spherocytosis

A

Physical feature:
 Enlargement of the spleen
 Jaundice
 Anemia

47
Q

Clinical findings of H.
Spherocytosis

A

 Assymptomatic to severe type
 Rbc become spherocytosis
 75% autosomal dominant
 25% autosomal non-dominant

48
Q

Defects of H.
Spherocytosis

A

 ANK1 or Ankyrin and
 Alpha and beta spectrin
 Protein 4.2

49
Q

H.
elliptocytosis is also known as

A

Hereditary ovalocytosis

50
Q

Type of inheritance of H.
elliptocytosis

A

Autosomal dominant

51
Q

Physical Feature of H.
elliptocytosis

A

 Splenomegaly
 Neonatal jaundice

52
Q

Clinical findings of H.
elliptocytosis

A

 90% cases asymptomatic
 10% moderate to severe type of
anemia (must be managed with
blood transfusion and
splenectomy)

53
Q

Defects in H.
elliptocytosis

A

 Spectrin
 Protein 4.1
 Alpha or beta spectrin

54
Q

seen in PS of pyropoikilocytosis

A

micropyropoikilocytosis and fragmentation
of RBC
 Very sensitive to heat

55
Q

Type of inheritance of H, pyropoikilocytosis

A

Autosomal recessive

56
Q

Defects in H , pyropoikilocytosis

A

 Spectrin
 Alpha or beta spectrin

57
Q

Type of inheritance: H.
stomatocytosis

A

Autosomal recessive

58
Q

H.
stomatocytosis is known as

A

Hereditary hydrocytosis

59
Q

H. stomatocytosis is caused by

A

 Increase in sodium and
decrease in potassium
 Due to increased permeability of
the membrane

60
Q

H.
acanthocytosis is caused by

A

Caused by absence of beta-lipoprotein

61
Q

H. acanthocytosis Associated with ____
condition

A

Abeta;lipoproteinemia

62
Q

Type of inheritance: H.
acanthocytosis

A

Autosomal recessive

63
Q

Result from heme suppression and lack
Rh antigen in the RBC membranes

A

RH null disease

64
Q

Type of inheritance of RH null

A

Autosomal recessive

65
Q

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

Also known as ___

A

Marchiafava-micheli syndrome

66
Q

Rare chronic defect in RBC membrane considered to be sleep
related hemoglobinuria

A

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

67
Q

Etiology of PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

A

UNKNOWN

68
Q

Lahat ng cells natin dito very sensitive to lysis by complement
causing chronic intravascular hemolysis

A

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

69
Q

Red cells are sensitive to low pH of plasma and occurs during
depressed respiration while sleeping, caused by retention of CO2
resulting in acidosis

A

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

70
Q

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

Major problem dito walang ___

A

C55 CD55 CD59

71
Q

hemolysis in PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA is called as

A

Intravascular hemolysis

72
Q

in PNH

Kapag nagkaroon na ng intravascular hemolysis that’s the time na
magkakaroon na tayo ng hemoglobinuria and hemosidinuria
 ___ it is a yellowish brown crystal that can be found in urine

A

Hemosidinuria

73
Q

Special tests for Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin

A

Ham’s Test/Ham’s Acidified Serum Test
Sugar Water Test/Sucrose Hemolysis
Crosby’s thrombin test
Cobra-venom test
Heat Resistance Test
Insulin Test

74
Q

two common test for PNH

A

Ham’s Test/Ham’s Acidified Serum Test
Sugar Water Test/Sucrose Hemolysis

75
Q

screening test for PNH

A

Sugar Water Test/Sucrose Hemolysis

76
Q

most common metabolic disorder of RBCs involving the
HMP (aerobic glycolysis) involving hexose
monophosphate

A

G6PD Deficiency

77
Q

most common metabolic disorder of RBCs involving the EMP
(anaerobic glycolysis)

A

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

78
Q

lack of ATP
 decreased erythrocytes deformability that reduces the lifespan of
RBC

A

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

79
Q

Laboratory findings of
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

A

o Fluorescent Spot Test (+)
o Quantitative assay of PK (dec.)
o ↑ Reticulocyte count

80
Q

also known as sickle cell disease or drepanocytosis

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

81
Q

inherited defect that results in abnormal structure of one of
the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule caused by genetic
mutations.

A

Hemoglobinopathy - Globin abnormality

82
Q

Hemoglobinopathy - Globin abnormality

most common in ethnic population from

A

Africa, the Mediterranean
basin and Southeast Asia

83
Q

homozygous Hb S disease

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

84
Q

the abnormality is due to substitution of valine for glutamic acid
in position 6 in the beta chain

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

85
Q

distribution of Hgb is thru Hgb __

A

electrophoresis

86
Q

Hgb distribution of Sickle cell anemia

A

o HgbA: 0%
o Hgb S: >80%)
o Hgb F:1-20%
o HgbA₂: 2-5%

87
Q
A

HEMATOLOGY (11 decks)

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