hematopoietic system Flashcards
in hematopoietic system, what are the changes that can happen in a normal maturation of cell?
changes in size, nucleus, cytoplasm, chromatin, and granules
what is under the “Cytoplasmic changes”
provide the events under this one
there will be a loss of basophilia
A. loss of basophilia
The cytoplasm of an immature cell is usually blue
or basophilic due to ___ content.
RNA
Immature cells has ____ due to RNA
intense, dark color
The more mature the cell, the ___because of the less RNA
less basophilic
what is the purpose of red or acidic dye?
colors the acidophilic or eosinophilic granules
purpose of the blue (basic) dye
colors the basophilic granules
the use of basic and acidic dye
for Neutrophilic granules
which is a special feature of
the maturation of erythrocytes
elaboration of hemoglobin
do immature rbc has hemoglobin? what about nucleus?
immature rbc has no hemoglobin but has nucleus. Once they matured, they will lose the nucleus but will be able to contain hemoglobin
how many stages are there for rbc to mature?
6 stages
the process in which the nucleus of the matured rbcs are eliminated
nucleolysis or extrusion
what are the 6 series of maturation of the rbc
2nd- start the synthesis of hgb
o 3rd- starts the synthesis of hgb
o 4th- stop the hgb synthesis
o 5th- reticulocytes
o 6th- matured erythrocytes
Nuclear changes - what is the structure and chemistry
immature cells - round or oval
nuclear chromatin is very delicate and fine linear
a chromatin for immature cells - delicate fine and linear is called
euchromatin
what is the color of the euchromatin
pale blue - uncondensed
As the cells matures chromatin strands
increasingly
coarse
and clumped
the euchromatin is now called as
heterochromatin
as the cell mature, the chromatin before denser and has a color of
darker color
if the shape of the cell change, do nucleus will change as well?
yes ofcors
the older the cell the more segments or lobes that
nucleus has
true or false
true
a neutrophil that has lobes mor than 5
hypersegmented neutrophils
hypersegmented neutrophils is common in
megaloblastic anemia
one of the feature or the hallmark of this disease- hypersegmented neutrophil
megaloblastic anemia
reduction in cell size
It is a feature of all cells except in the
megakaryocytic series
are matured cell supposed to be smaller than the immatured?
yes, they are generally supposed to be smaller than the immature cells
what are the 4 things to remember in normal maturation?
cytoplasmic changes
cytoplasmic granules
nuclear changes
reduction in cell size
what are the 4 things to remember in abnormal maturation (asynchronistic)
abnormal cytoplasmic Differentiation
Abnormal nuclear maturation
Abnormal size
In erythrocytes, this is characterized by persistent basophilia and late hemoglobinization
abnormal cytoplasmic Differentiation
__ may be found in the cytoplasm of both erythrocytes and
leukocytes, especially in the granulocytes
abnormal cytoplasmic inclusion
INCLUSION BODIES ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE FOUND IN RBC AND BC
TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
3 EXAMPLE OF INCLUSION BODIES
INCLUSION BODIES:
-HOWELL JOLLY
-PAPPENHEIMER BODIES
-HEINZ BODIES
what is the cause of the hyposegmentation?
there’s a problem with the lamin B
which part of abnormal maturation is this
leukemia the other severe disturbances, two
nuclei may be present: one will be diploid and the
other may be polyphoid
abnormal nuclear maturation
in abnormal nuclear maturation,
the ___ nucleus takes a longer time to
mature than its cytoplasm
megalocytes
which part of the abnormal maturation this happen
abnormally large cells are frequently seen in
benign or malignant proliferation
Abnormal size
in abnormal maturation, the megalobast appears larger than the normal mature rbc
true or false
true
what are the 3types of human stem cell
Totipotential Stem cells
Pluripotential Stem cells
Multipotential Stem cells
This type of stem cell is Present in the first few hours after an
ovum is fertilized
Totipotential Stem cells
a type of stem cell that is the Most versatile type of stem cell, can
develop into any human cell type,
including development from embryo
into fetus
totipotential stem cell
this type of stem cell is present in several days after fertilization
pluripotential stem cell
this type of stem cell It can develop into any cell type except,
they cannot develop into a fetus
pluripotential stem cell
a type of stem cell that can’t develop into a fetus
pluripotential stem cell
this type of stem cell Derived from pluripotent stem cells
Multipotential Stem cell
this type of stem cell is Found in adults, but limited to specific
types of cells to forms tissues.
multipotential stem cell
blast cell are can only be found in
bone marrow
matured cells are all seen and found in
peripheral secretion
how many days can retics stay in blood and bone marrow?
retics can stay in
blood - 1 day
bone marrow - 2 days
first recognizable erythroid
precursor
rubliblast
what is the 3 nomenclature of erythrocytes
rubliblast, pronormoblast, ?
in the erythrocyte lineage, what follows rubriblast?
o Rubriblast
o Prorubricyte
o Rubricyte
o Metarubricyte
o Reticulocyte
o Erythrocyte
what is the first recognizable cell in granulophoresis
myeloblast
characteristic of a cytoplasm of a blast cell
very dark blue and small in amount in
comparison to the size of the nucleus. No granular is
present.
characteristic of a nucleus of a blast cell
large in size as compared to the size of
cytoplasm. Chromatin which is reddish purple and
indicates predominance of DNA.
5 process inckded on the Hematopoietic system
Erythropoiesis
Granulopoiesis
Monopoiesis
Lymphoiesis
Megakaryopoiesis
Is a process by which erythroid precursor cells
differentiates to become mature.
Erythropoiesis
The primary regulator of the erythropoiesis is
Erythropoietin
where can we found the EPO?
kidney and a little on a liver
what is a first recognizable precursor in erythropoiesis
Pronormoblast (Rubriblast)
ratio of the nucleus to the cytplasm of the rubriblast
8:1
location of the pronormoblast
bone
marrow in healthy states
Cellular Activity.
The pronormoblast begins to
___ necessary for hemoglobin
production
accumulate the components
when do Globin production begins. And This stage lasts slightly more than 24 Hours
In the pronormoblast
how many products do pronormoblast produced?
2 prorubricyte
the 2d stage of maturation of rythrocyte
Basophilic Normoblast(Prorubricyte)
ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm in stage Basophilic Normoblast(Prorubricyte)
6:1
how many products do Basophilic Normoblast(Prorubricyte) produced?
4 rubricyte
diference of rubliblast and proribrucyte
diff: coarse chromatin
absence of nucleoli
first stage of hemoglobin synthesis
prorubricytes or basophilic normoblast
3rd stage of rbc maturation
Polychromatic
(Rubricyte)
(Polychromatophilic)
Normoblast
The chromatin pattern varies during this stage
of development, showing some openness early in the
stage but becoming condensed by the end.
Polychromatic
(Rubricyte)
(Polychromatophilic)
Normoblast
the last stage of undergoing mitosis for rbc
Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic)
Normoblast
(Rubricyte)
whatis the product of the 3rd stage, rubricyte?
2 metarubricyte
rubricyte is always compared to what cell?
lymphocyte
nucleus and cytoplasm of rubricyte is
checked board and muddy/colored gray
First stage in which cytoplasm becames PINK blue
to increase hgb componen
rubricyte
how many hours do rabricyte last
30 hrs
Metarubricyte is also called as
Orthochromic Normoblast
Orthochromic Normoblast (Metarubricyte) aka
late normoblasts
this is where the nucleus condensed, 1:2, the cytoplasm is salmon-pink already
No mitosis will take place
Orthochromic Normoblast (Metarubricyte)/ late normoblast
No nucleus but has mitochondria and ribosomes
Last stage to synthesize hemoglobin.
Last stage in bone marrow before release to the blood
reticulocyte
stain used for reticulocyte
supravital stain
the last stage of erythropoiesis
Erythrocyte
abormal shaped rbc that has no central pallor is called
spherocytes
types of myeloblast
Type I- nucleus is open
o Type II- presence of primary granu
type III - mas matingkad na kulay
granulophoresis stages
myeloblast
promyelocyte
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
non-segmented granulocyte
segmented granulocyte
there’s a presence of HOF or paranucleear halo
promyelocyte
only seen in promyelocyte and can appear onlyifthe promyelocyte is healthy
paranuclear halo
first recognizable formation of granules
promyelocyte
final stage in which cell
division (mitosis) occurs
neutrophil myelocyte
final stage in which cell
division (mitosis) occurs is also called as the
dawn of neutrophilia
a stage wherethe seconfary specific granules are created
myelocyte
metamyelocytes is also called as
Aka Juvenile cells
Final stage of nuclei indentation
Tertiary granules- gelatinase
metamyelocyte
