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HEMATOLOGY > hematopoietic system > Flashcards

hematopoietic system Flashcards

1
Q

in hematopoietic system, what are the changes that can happen in a normal maturation of cell?

A

changes in size, nucleus, cytoplasm, chromatin, and granules

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2
Q

what is under the “Cytoplasmic changes”
provide the events under this one

A

there will be a loss of basophilia

A. loss of basophilia

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3
Q

The cytoplasm of an immature cell is usually blue
or basophilic due to ___ content.

A

RNA

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4
Q

Immature cells has ____ due to RNA

A

intense, dark color

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5
Q

The more mature the cell, the ___because of the less RNA

A

less basophilic

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6
Q

what is the purpose of red or acidic dye?

A

colors the acidophilic or eosinophilic granules

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7
Q

purpose of the blue (basic) dye

A

colors the basophilic granules

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8
Q

the use of basic and acidic dye

A

for Neutrophilic granules

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9
Q

which is a special feature of
the maturation of erythrocytes

A

elaboration of hemoglobin

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10
Q

do immature rbc has hemoglobin? what about nucleus?

A

immature rbc has no hemoglobin but has nucleus. Once they matured, they will lose the nucleus but will be able to contain hemoglobin

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11
Q

how many stages are there for rbc to mature?

A

6 stages

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12
Q

the process in which the nucleus of the matured rbcs are eliminated

A

nucleolysis or extrusion

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13
Q

what are the 6 series of maturation of the rbc

A

2nd- start the synthesis of hgb
o 3rd- starts the synthesis of hgb
o 4th- stop the hgb synthesis
o 5th- reticulocytes
o 6th- matured erythrocytes

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14
Q

Nuclear changes - what is the structure and chemistry

A

immature cells - round or oval
nuclear chromatin is very delicate and fine linear

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15
Q

a chromatin for immature cells - delicate fine and linear is called

A

euchromatin

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16
Q

what is the color of the euchromatin

A

pale blue - uncondensed

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17
Q

As the cells matures chromatin strands
increasingly
coarse
and clumped
the euchromatin is now called as

A

heterochromatin

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18
Q

as the cell mature, the chromatin before denser and has a color of

A

darker color

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19
Q

if the shape of the cell change, do nucleus will change as well?

A

yes ofcors

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20
Q

the older the cell the more segments or lobes that
nucleus has

true or false

A

true

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21
Q

a neutrophil that has lobes mor than 5

A

hypersegmented neutrophils

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22
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils is common in

A

megaloblastic anemia

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23
Q

one of the feature or the hallmark of this disease- hypersegmented neutrophil

A

megaloblastic anemia

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24
Q

reduction in cell size

It is a feature of all cells except in the

A

megakaryocytic series

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25
Q

are matured cell supposed to be smaller than the immatured?

A

yes, they are generally supposed to be smaller than the immature cells

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26
Q

what are the 4 things to remember in normal maturation?

A

cytoplasmic changes
cytoplasmic granules
nuclear changes
reduction in cell size

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27
Q

what are the 4 things to remember in abnormal maturation (asynchronistic)

A

abnormal cytoplasmic Differentiation
Abnormal nuclear maturation
Abnormal size

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28
Q

In erythrocytes, this is characterized by persistent basophilia and late hemoglobinization

A

abnormal cytoplasmic Differentiation

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29
Q

__ may be found in the cytoplasm of both erythrocytes and
leukocytes, especially in the granulocytes

A

abnormal cytoplasmic inclusion

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30
Q

INCLUSION BODIES ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE FOUND IN RBC AND BC

TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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31
Q

3 EXAMPLE OF INCLUSION BODIES

A

INCLUSION BODIES:
-HOWELL JOLLY
-PAPPENHEIMER BODIES
-HEINZ BODIES

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32
Q

what is the cause of the hyposegmentation?

A

there’s a problem with the lamin B

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33
Q

which part of abnormal maturation is this

leukemia the other severe disturbances, two
nuclei may be present: one will be diploid and the
other may be polyphoid

A

abnormal nuclear maturation

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34
Q

in abnormal nuclear maturation,
the ___ nucleus takes a longer time to
mature than its cytoplasm

A

megalocytes

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35
Q

which part of the abnormal maturation this happen

abnormally large cells are frequently seen in
benign or malignant proliferation

A

Abnormal size

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36
Q

in abnormal maturation, the megalobast appears larger than the normal mature rbc

true or false

A

true

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37
Q

what are the 3types of human stem cell

A

Totipotential Stem cells
Pluripotential Stem cells
Multipotential Stem cells

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38
Q

This type of stem cell is Present in the first few hours after an
ovum is fertilized

A

Totipotential Stem cells

39
Q

a type of stem cell that is the Most versatile type of stem cell, can
develop into any human cell type,
including development from embryo
into fetus

A

totipotential stem cell

40
Q

this type of stem cell is present in several days after fertilization

A

pluripotential stem cell

41
Q

this type of stem cell It can develop into any cell type except,
they cannot develop into a fetus

A

pluripotential stem cell

42
Q

a type of stem cell that can’t develop into a fetus

A

pluripotential stem cell

43
Q

this type of stem cell Derived from pluripotent stem cells

A

Multipotential Stem cell

44
Q

this type of stem cell is Found in adults, but limited to specific
types of cells to forms tissues.

A

multipotential stem cell

45
Q

blast cell are can only be found in

A

bone marrow

46
Q

matured cells are all seen and found in

A

peripheral secretion

47
Q

how many days can retics stay in blood and bone marrow?

A

retics can stay in
blood - 1 day
bone marrow - 2 days

48
Q

first recognizable erythroid
precursor

A

rubliblast

49
Q

what is the 3 nomenclature of erythrocytes

A

rubliblast, pronormoblast, ?

50
Q

in the erythrocyte lineage, what follows rubriblast?

A

o Rubriblast
o Prorubricyte
o Rubricyte
o Metarubricyte
o Reticulocyte
o Erythrocyte

51
Q

what is the first recognizable cell in granulophoresis

A

myeloblast

52
Q

characteristic of a cytoplasm of a blast cell

A

very dark blue and small in amount in
comparison to the size of the nucleus. No granular is
present.

53
Q

characteristic of a nucleus of a blast cell

A

large in size as compared to the size of
cytoplasm. Chromatin which is reddish purple and
indicates predominance of DNA.

54
Q

5 process inckded on the Hematopoietic system

A

 Erythropoiesis
 Granulopoiesis
 Monopoiesis
 Lymphoiesis
 Megakaryopoiesis

55
Q

Is a process by which erythroid precursor cells
differentiates to become mature.

A

Erythropoiesis

56
Q

The primary regulator of the erythropoiesis is

A

Erythropoietin

57
Q

where can we found the EPO?

A

kidney and a little on a liver

58
Q

what is a first recognizable precursor in erythropoiesis

A

Pronormoblast (Rubriblast)

59
Q

ratio of the nucleus to the cytplasm of the rubriblast

A

8:1

60
Q

location of the pronormoblast

A

bone
marrow in healthy states

61
Q

Cellular Activity.
The pronormoblast begins to
___ necessary for hemoglobin
production

A

accumulate the components

62
Q

when do Globin production begins. And This stage lasts slightly more than 24 Hours

A

In the pronormoblast

63
Q

how many products do pronormoblast produced?

A

2 prorubricyte

64
Q

the 2d stage of maturation of rythrocyte

A

Basophilic Normoblast(Prorubricyte)

65
Q

ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm in stage Basophilic Normoblast(Prorubricyte)

A

6:1

66
Q

how many products do Basophilic Normoblast(Prorubricyte) produced?

A

4 rubricyte

67
Q

diference of rubliblast and proribrucyte

A

 diff: coarse chromatin
 absence of nucleoli

68
Q

first stage of hemoglobin synthesis

A

prorubricytes or basophilic normoblast

69
Q

3rd stage of rbc maturation

A

Polychromatic
(Rubricyte)
(Polychromatophilic)
Normoblast

70
Q

The chromatin pattern varies during this stage
of development, showing some openness early in the
stage but becoming condensed by the end.

A

Polychromatic
(Rubricyte)
(Polychromatophilic)
Normoblast

71
Q

the last stage of undergoing mitosis for rbc

A

Polychromatic (Polychromatophilic)
Normoblast
(Rubricyte)

72
Q

whatis the product of the 3rd stage, rubricyte?

A

2 metarubricyte

73
Q

rubricyte is always compared to what cell?

A

lymphocyte

74
Q

nucleus and cytoplasm of rubricyte is

A

checked board and muddy/colored gray

75
Q

First stage in which cytoplasm becames PINK blue
to increase hgb componen

A

rubricyte

76
Q

how many hours do rabricyte last

A

30 hrs

77
Q

Metarubricyte is also called as

A

Orthochromic Normoblast

78
Q

Orthochromic Normoblast (Metarubricyte) aka

A

late normoblasts

79
Q

this is where the nucleus condensed, 1:2, the cytoplasm is salmon-pink already

No mitosis will take place

A

Orthochromic Normoblast (Metarubricyte)/ late normoblast

80
Q

No nucleus but has mitochondria and ribosomes
 Last stage to synthesize hemoglobin.
Last stage in bone marrow before release to the blood

A

reticulocyte

81
Q

stain used for reticulocyte

A

supravital stain

82
Q

the last stage of erythropoiesis

A

Erythrocyte

83
Q

abormal shaped rbc that has no central pallor is called

A

spherocytes

84
Q

types of myeloblast

A

Type I- nucleus is open
o Type II- presence of primary granu
type III - mas matingkad na kulay

85
Q

granulophoresis stages

A

myeloblast
promyelocyte
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
non-segmented granulocyte
segmented granulocyte

86
Q

there’s a presence of HOF or paranucleear halo

A

promyelocyte

87
Q

only seen in promyelocyte and can appear onlyifthe promyelocyte is healthy

A

paranuclear halo

88
Q

first recognizable formation of granules

A

promyelocyte

89
Q

final stage in which cell
division (mitosis) occurs

A

neutrophil myelocyte

90
Q

final stage in which cell
division (mitosis) occurs is also called as the

A

dawn of neutrophilia

91
Q

a stage wherethe seconfary specific granules are created

A

myelocyte

92
Q

metamyelocytes is also called as

A

Aka Juvenile cells

93
Q

Final stage of nuclei indentation
 Tertiary granules- gelatinase

A

metamyelocyte

94
Q
A

HEMATOLOGY (11 decks)

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