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HEMATOLOGY > finals - blood chem > Flashcards

finals - blood chem Flashcards

1
Q

Uses of Cytochemical Stains

A
  1. Used in the study of cell differentiation and in the classification of
    acute leukemias
  2. Used in the differentiation of leukocytosis and leukemoid reactions
    from genuine myeloproliferative disorders
  3. Used in the characterization of lymphoproliferative disorders
  4. Used in the demonstration of free iron, Hb derivatives, DNA, RNA,
    and red cell enzymes in RBC and WBC
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2
Q

In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, MPO in granulocytes
oxidizes benzidine dihydrochloride from a colorless to a reddish
brown derivative at the site of the enzyme

A

Peroxidase Stain/ Myeloperoxidase

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3
Q

Peroxidase Stain/ Myeloperoxidase positive and negative in

A

Positive: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Negative: Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)

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4
Q

It stains lipids, such as sterols, neutral fats, and phospholipids
because of the solubility of the dye in lipid particles and appears
dense black or bluish black

A

Sudan Black B Stain

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5
Q

Sudan Black B Stain positive and negative in

A

 Positive: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
 Negative: Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)

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6
Q

differentiate granulocytic from monocytic leukemias

A

Stain for Esterases

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7
Q

specific stain for esterase

A

Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate Esterase (specific)

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8
Q

non specific stain for esterase

A

α-naphthyl Acetate Esterase (non-specific)

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9
Q

Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate Esterase (specific)

positive and negative in

A

Positive: Granulocytic Leukemia
Negative: Monocytic Leukemia

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10
Q

α-naphthyl Acetate Esterase (non-specific)

positive and negative in

A

 Positive: Monocytic Leukemia
 Negative: Granulocytic Leukemia

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11
Q

gives a positive reaction to polysaccharides,
mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins and glycogen

A

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Reaction

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12
Q

Periodic acid is an oxidizing agent that converts hydroxyl groups
on adjacent carbon atoms to aldehydes and further combined with
Schiff’s reagent to give a red color product

A

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Reaction

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13
Q

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Reaction positive and negative in

A

 Positive: Granulocytes, Platelet, Erythroleukemia/M6
 Negative: Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL), Burkitt
Lymphoma

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14
Q

Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against factor VIII-related
antigen have given positive results in megakaryoblastic leukemia

A

Factor VIII Antibodies

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15
Q

ALL is positive and negativ in what stains

A

negative in MPO SBB NASDA Factor VIII

ANAE PAS positive and V

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16
Q

differentiates CML from a leukemoid reaction seen in severe
infections

A

.Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) Stain

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17
Q

___ is used to differentiate
chronic myelogenous leukemia from leukemoid reaction

A

LAP (leukocyte alkaline phosphatase) grading

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18
Q

Normal lap

A

20-100

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19
Q

CML LAP scoring

A

<13

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20
Q

Leukemoid Reaction lap scoring

A

> 100

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21
Q

Polycythemia vera lap scoring

A

100-200

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22
Q

Secondary polycythemia lap scoring

A

20-100

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23
Q

0 grading in lap

A

No staining

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24
Q

+ 1 grading in lap

A

Faint and diffuse staining

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25
Q

+ 2 grading in lap

A

Pale with moderate amount of
blue staining

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26
Q

+3 grading in lap

A

Strong blue precipitated
staining

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27
Q

+4 grading in lap

A

Deep blue or brilliant staining
with no visible cytoplasm

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28
Q

diagnostic tool for confirmation of hairy cell leukemia

A

Acid Phosphatase (Tartrate Resistant)

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29
Q
  • stain for iron - it gives a positive reaction in cases of cells
    containing iron, ringed sideroblasts, and siderocytes
A

Prussian Blue/ Perl’s Stain

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30
Q

differentiates basophilic leukemia and mast cell leukemia from
other diseases
 positive result is metachromatic granules which are colored
reddish violet and is observed in mast cells and basophilic
leukemia

A

Toluidine Blue

31
Q

Peroxidase test for

A

Myeloperoxidase
(MPO)

32
Q

Peroxidase indication

A

AML AMMoL (weak +)

33
Q
  1. Sudan Black B test for
A

lipid

34
Q

Specific Esterase test or

A

Granulocyte
precursor

35
Q

non-specific
Esterase test for

A

Monocyte
precursor

36
Q

PAS (Periodic
Acid Schiff) test for

A

glycogen

37
Q

Tartrate Resistant
Acid Phosphatase
(TRAP) test for

A

hairy Cell Leukemia

38
Q

NBT (Nitroblue
tetrazolium test) test for

A

Granulocyte
function

39
Q

TdT (Terminal
deoxynucleotidyl
transferase)

test for

A

Early T and B
lymphocyte

40
Q

LAP (leukocyte
alkaline
phosphatase) test for

A

leukomoid reaction and leukemia

41
Q

Prussian Blue test for

A

irron

42
Q

Phyloxine test for

A

acid granules

43
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

L1 Small lymphoblasts

A

o Most common childhood leukemia
o Found in young adult
o Homogenous appearance
o ? prognosis

44
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

L2 - Small and large lymphoblasts

A

o Most common in adults
o Heterogenous appearance

45
Q

L3 Large homogeneous lymphoblasts

A

o Leukemic phase of Burkitt lymphoma

46
Q

differentiates basophilic leukemia and mast cell leukemia from other diseases

A

Toluidine Blue

47
Q

positive result is metachromatic granules which are colored reddish violet and is observed in mast cells and basophilic leukemia

A

Toluidine Blue

48
Q

Childhood ALL percentages

A

L1 – 70% predominantly
L2 - 27%
L3 – 3% or less - Burkitt cell type

49
Q

Adult ALL percentage

A

L1 – 30%
L2- 65%
L3 – 5%

50
Q

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
M1 - Myeloblasts without maturation

A

o Show 90% or more marrow myeloblast
o Presence of the auer rods

51
Q

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML

M2- Myeloblasts with maturation (best AML prognosis)

A

Show less than 90% marrow myeloblast

52
Q

acute myeloid leukemia
M3-

A

Hypergranular promyelocytic leukemia

53
Q

acute myeloid leukemia

M3V Variant,

A

microgranular promyelocytic leukemia

54
Q

acute myeloid leukemia

M4- Myeloblast and Monoblast

A

o More or less 20% best on WHO if FAB greater than 30% marrow
o in proliferation of unipotenial stem cell Accounts 30% of AML

55
Q

acute myeloid

M5

A

monoblast

56
Q

Poorly differentiated monocytic leukemia

A

M5- Monoblast

57
Q

Well differentiated monocytic leukemia

A

M5- Monoblast

58
Q

M5- Monoblast

Characterized by greater than, less than or equal____ based on WHO

A

20%

59
Q

M5 - monoblast

IN FAB precipitation greater than ___% marrow
monoblast

A

30%

60
Q

M5 - monoblast is ___% AML

A

10%

61
Q

Variant of M5 monoblast

___
 Seen in children with 80%
monoblast

A

M5a

62
Q

Variant of M5 monoblast

___
 Seen in middle age adult with less
than 80% monoblast

A

M5b

63
Q

Erythroleukemia/DiGuglielmo syndrome is in what fab classification

A

M6

64
Q

Megakaryocytic Leukemia is in what FAB classification

A

m7

65
Q

pleomorphic undifferentiated cells with cytoplasmic
blebs

A

M7- Megakaryocytic Leukemia

66
Q

myelofibrosis or ↑ BM reticulin

A

M7- Megakaryocytic Leukemia

67
Q

positive for platelet peroxidase antifactor VIII

A

M7- Megakaryocytic Leukemia

68
Q

proliferation of megakaryoblast and atypical
megakaryocytes in the bone marrow

A

M7- Megakaryocytic Leukemia

69
Q

less than 1% AML

A

M7- Megakaryocytic Leukemia

70
Q

marrow aspiration result in dry top, blood shows
pancytopenia this is difficult to diagnose with
cytochemical stain

A

M7- Megakaryocytic Leukemia

71
Q

rarest type of AML

A

M7- Megakaryocytic Leukemia

72
Q

-Blood shows pancytopenia, this is difficult to diagnose
with cytochemical stains

A

M7- Megakaryocytic Leukemia

73
Q
A

HEMATOLOGY (11 decks)

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